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F u n d a m e n t a l  R i g h t s
a n d  D u t i e s
F u n d a m e n t a l  R i g h t s
F u n d a m e n t a l  D u t i e s
A r t i c l e  1 2 - 3 5  o f  t h e  C o n s t i t u t i o n  o f  I n d i a
E n s h r i n e d  i n  P a r t  I I I  o f  t h e  C o n s t i t u t i o n
G u a r a n t e e d  t o  a l l  c i t i z e n s
S i x  b r o a d  c a t e g o r i e s :
A r t i c l e  1 4 :  E q u a l i t y  b e f o r e  l a w
A r t i c l e  1 5 :  P r o h i b i t i o n  o f  d i s c r i m i n a t i o n
A r t i c l e  1 6 :  E q u a l i t y  o f  o p p o r t u n i t y  i n  p u b l i c
e m p l o y m e n t
A r t i c l e  1 7 :  A b o l i t i o n  o f  u n t o u c h a b i l i t y
A r t i c l e  1 8 :  A b o l i t i o n  o f  t i t l e s
A r t i c l e  1 9 :  P r o t e c t i o n  o f  c e r t a i n  r i g h t s  r e g a r d i n g
f r e e d o m  o f  s p e e c h ,  e t c .
I n c l u d e s :
A r t i c l e  2 3 :  P r o h i b i t i o n  o f  t r a f f i c k i n g  i n  h u m a n  b e i n g s
a n d  f o r c e d  l a b o r
A r t i c l e  2 4 :  P r o h i b i t i o n  o f  c h i l d  l a b o r
A r t i c l e  2 5 :  F r e e d o m  o f  c o n s c i e n c e  a n d  f r e e
p r o f e s s i o n ,  p r a c t i c e ,  a n d  p r o p a g a t i o n  o f  r e l i g i o n
A r t i c l e  2 6 :  F r e e d o m  t o  m a n a g e  r e l i g i o u s  a f f a i r s
A r t i c l e  2 7 :  F r e e d o m  f r o m  p a y m e n t  o f  t a x e s  f o r
p r o m o t i o n  o f  a n y  p a r t i c u l a r  r e l i g i o n
A r t i c l e  2 8 :  F r e e d o m  f r o m  a t t e n d i n g  r e l i g i o u s
i n s t r u c t i o n  o r  w o r s h i p  i n  e d u c a t i o n a l  i n s t i t u t i o n s
A r t i c l e  2 9 :  P r o t e c t i o n  o f  i n t e r e s t s  o f  m i n o r i t i e s
A r t i c l e  3 0 :  R i g h t  o f  m i n o r i t i e s  t o  e s t a b l i s h  a n d
a d m i n i s t e r  e d u c a t i o n a l  i n s t i t u t i o n s
A r t i c l e  3 2 :  R e m e d i e s  f o r  e n f o r c e m e n t  o f  F u n d a m e n t a l
R i g h t s
P r o v i d e s  t h e  r i g h t  t o  m o v e  t h e  S u p r e m e  C o u r t  f o r  t h e
e n f o r c e m e n t  o f  F R s
W r i t s :
A r t i c l e  5 1 A  o f  t h e  C o n s t i t u t i o n
A d d e d  b y  t h e  4 2 n d  A m e n d m e n t  i n  1 9 7 6
E l e v e n  f u n d a m e n t a l  d u t i e s  f o r  c i t i z e n s
T o  p r o m o t e :
E n s u r e s  a c t i v e  p a r t i c i p a t i o n  o f  c i t i z e n s  f o r  t h e
b e t t e r m e n t  o f  s o c i e t y  a n d  t h e  n a t i o n
C o m p l e m e n t a r y  t o  t h e  F u n d a m e n t a l  R i g h t s
H e l p s  i n  t h e  d e v e l o p m e n t  o f  r e s p o n s i b l e  c i t i z e n s
H a b e a s  C o r p u s :  P r o t e c t s  p e r s o n a l  l i b e r t y  a g a i n s t
u n l a w f u l  d e t e n t i o n
M a n d a m u s :  O r d e r s  a  p u b l i c  a u t h o r i t y  t o  p e r f o r m  i t s
d u t y
P r o h i b i t i o n :  O r d e r s  a  l o w e r  c o u r t  t o  s t o p  p r o c e e d i n g s
i n  a  p a r t i c u l a r  c a s e
C e r t i o r a r i :  Q u a s h e s  t h e  d e c i s i o n  o f  a  l o w e r  c o u r t
Q u o  W a r r a n t o :  E n s u r e s  t h a t  a  p u b l i c  o f f i c e  i s  n o t  h e l d
u n l a w f u l l y
B y  a  p e r s o n  w h o  d o e s  n o t  h a v e  t h e  r i g h t  o r
q u a l i f i c a t i o n s  t o  h o l d  i t
U n i t y  a n d  i n t e g r i t y  o f  t h e  n a t i o n
S e c u l a r i s m
S o c i a l  h a r m o n y
S p i r i t  o f  c o m m o n  b r o t h e r h o o d  a m o n g s t  a l l
P r e s e r v a t i o n  o f  c o m p o s i t e  c u l t u r e
S a f e g u a r d i n g  p u b l i c  p r o p e r t y
E n v i r o n m e n t  p r o t e c t i o n
S c i e n t i f i c  t e m p e r
R e s p e c t  f o r  n a t i o n a l  s y m b o l s
P r o t e c t i n g  a n d  i m p r o v i n g  n a t u r a l  e n v i r o n m e n t
I m p o r t a n c e  o f  F u n d a m e n t a l  D u t i e s
B a s e d  o n  r e l i g i o n ,  r a c e ,  c a s t e ,  s e x ,  o r  p l a c e  o f  b i r t h
R i g h t  t o  C o n s t i t u t i o n a l  R e m e d i e s
R i g h t  t o  c o n s e r v e  l a n g u a g e ,  s c r i p t ,  o r  c u l t u r e
C u l t u r a l  a n d  E d u c a t i o n a l  R i g h t s
R i g h t  t o  F r e e d o m  o f  R e l i g i o n
F r e e d o m  o f  s p e e c h  a n d  e x p r e s s i o n
F r e e d o m  t o  a s s e m b l e  p e a c e f u l l y
F r e e d o m  t o  f o r m  a s s o c i a t i o n s  o r  u n i o n s
F r e e d o m  t o  m o v e  f r e e l y  t h r o u g h o u t  I n d i a
F r e e d o m  t o  r e s i d e  a n d  s e t t l e  i n  a n y  p a r t  o f  I n d i a
F r e e d o m  t o  p r a c t i c e  a n y  p r o f e s s i o n ,  o c c u p a t i o n ,
t r a d e  o r  b u s i n e s s
R i g h t  a g a i n s t  E x p l o i t a t i o n
R i g h t  t o  F r e e d o m
R i g h t  t o  E q u a l i t y
R i g h t  t o  F r e e d o m
R i g h t  a g a i n s t  E x p l o i t a t i o n
R i g h t  t o  F r e e d o m  o f  R e l i g i o n
C u l t u r a l  a n d  E d u c a t i o n a l  R i g h t s
R i g h t  t o  C o n s t i t u t i o n a l  R e m e d i e s
R i g h t  t o  E q u a l i t y
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FAQs on Mindmap: Fundamental Rights & Duties - Indian Polity for UPSC CSE

1. What are fundamental rights and duties?
Ans. Fundamental rights are the basic rights guaranteed to every citizen by the constitution, which include the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, right to life and personal liberty, etc. Fundamental duties, on the other hand, are the moral obligations that are expected from citizens towards their country, such as respecting the national flag, following the constitution, promoting harmony, etc.
2. Can fundamental rights be suspended during emergencies?
Ans. Yes, fundamental rights can be temporarily suspended during emergencies like a war or internal disturbance, as stated in the constitution. However, these rights cannot be suspended completely, and certain fundamental rights, like the right to life and personal liberty, cannot be suspended under any circumstances.
3. Are fundamental rights absolute?
Ans. No, fundamental rights are not absolute. They are subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by the state in the interest of public order, morality, and the sovereignty and integrity of the nation. However, these restrictions should be reasonable and cannot violate the essence of the right itself.
4. Are fundamental duties legally enforceable?
Ans. No, fundamental duties are not legally enforceable. Unlike fundamental rights, which can be enforced through the courts, fundamental duties do not have a legal mechanism for enforcement. However, the constitution expects citizens to voluntarily fulfill their fundamental duties towards the nation.
5. Are fundamental rights and duties applicable to non-citizens?
Ans. No, fundamental rights are applicable only to citizens of a country. Non-citizens, such as foreigners or non-resident Indians, do not enjoy the same fundamental rights as citizens. However, certain fundamental rights, like the right to life and personal liberty, are available to all individuals within the territory of the country, irrespective of their citizenship. Fundamental duties are also applicable only to citizens.
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