Short Notes: Economic Power Generation | Short Notes for Electrical Engineering - Electrical Engineering (EE) PDF Download

 Page 1


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
        
       
 
? Incremental cost 
If is cost required to generate an additional unit of energy. 
? ?
i
IC = Incremental cost of 
th
i generator 
? ?
i
i
Gi
C
IC
P
?
?
?
 
Gi
P = Power generated by 
th
i generator 
i
C = cost of 
th
i generator 
 
? Transmission Loss 
                   
mm
L i j ij
i 1 j 1
P PPB
??
?
??
 
ij
P , P : Real power injection at 
th th
i & j buses 
ij
B = loss coefficient 
m : no. of generator units 
 
Penalty Factor 
              
i
L
Gi
L
1
P
1
P
??
??
??
??
?
?
?
?
 
For economic power sharing 
             ? ?
i
i
IC L constant ? 
? Constant is called as incremental cost of system. 
? ? ?
i
IC = incremental cost 
th
i unit 
? 
i
L = penalty factor of 
th
i unit 
Page 2


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
        
       
 
? Incremental cost 
If is cost required to generate an additional unit of energy. 
? ?
i
IC = Incremental cost of 
th
i generator 
? ?
i
i
Gi
C
IC
P
?
?
?
 
Gi
P = Power generated by 
th
i generator 
i
C = cost of 
th
i generator 
 
? Transmission Loss 
                   
mm
L i j ij
i 1 j 1
P PPB
??
?
??
 
ij
P , P : Real power injection at 
th th
i & j buses 
ij
B = loss coefficient 
m : no. of generator units 
 
Penalty Factor 
              
i
L
Gi
L
1
P
1
P
??
??
??
??
?
?
?
?
 
For economic power sharing 
             ? ?
i
i
IC L constant ? 
? Constant is called as incremental cost of system. 
? ? ?
i
IC = incremental cost 
th
i unit 
? 
i
L = penalty factor of 
th
i unit 
 
 
 
 
 
? From this expression, for m generator we get ( m – 1) equation and 
th
m equation is  
 
m
Gi D LOSS
i1
P P P
?
??
?
 
                   
D
P = total power demand 
For example, refer kuestions on Power systems. 
 
            
a0
V ? Zero sequence components 
            
a1
V ? Positive sequence components  
            
a2
V ? Negative sequence components 
             
a0 a
2
a1 b
2
a2 c
V 1 1 1 V
1
V 1 V
3
V 1 V
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ?
??
          ;    Where 
0
j120
e ?? 
             
? ? ? ?
1
sp
V A V
?
?? ?
??
 
            
p
V = phase voltage 
             
s
V = Symmetrical component 
            
2
2
1 1 1
A1
1
??
??
? ? ?
??
??
??
??
 
            Power in terms of symmetrical components 
           
a1 a1 a2 a2 a3 a0
P 3 V I V I V I
? ? ?
?? ? ? ?
??
 
     Remember, same transformation exist for current also. 
Sequence Network 
Alternators 
? Positive Sequence Network 
 
1
Z positive sequence impedance  
"
1d
Z jX ?