Agriculture Class 8 PPT

 Page 1


INTRODUCTION
• What is Agriculture?
A. The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing 
livestock. The transformation from a plant to a finished product involving three 
types of economic activities- primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
• India  is an agriculturally significant country. Nearly 50% of the people in world are engaged in  
agriculture.
• Two-thirds of the population is engaged in agricultural activities- India has a rural economy.
• Agriculture produces most of the food we consume along with raw materials for various industries and 
some of the products are exported as well.
PRIMARY SECTOR SECONDARY SECTOR TERTIARY SECTOR
? Connected with extraction and 
production of natural resources
?Concerned with the processing 
of the natural resources
?Provide support to the Primary 
and Secondary sectors through 
services.
?Agriculture, fishing, mining, 
lumbering etc
?Manufacturing of steel, 
weaving of cloth etc
?Transport, trade, banking,
insurance and advertising.
AGRICULTURE= 
ager/ agri + culture
Ager- soil
culture- cultivation
Page 2


INTRODUCTION
• What is Agriculture?
A. The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing 
livestock. The transformation from a plant to a finished product involving three 
types of economic activities- primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
• India  is an agriculturally significant country. Nearly 50% of the people in world are engaged in  
agriculture.
• Two-thirds of the population is engaged in agricultural activities- India has a rural economy.
• Agriculture produces most of the food we consume along with raw materials for various industries and 
some of the products are exported as well.
PRIMARY SECTOR SECONDARY SECTOR TERTIARY SECTOR
? Connected with extraction and 
production of natural resources
?Concerned with the processing 
of the natural resources
?Provide support to the Primary 
and Secondary sectors through 
services.
?Agriculture, fishing, mining, 
lumbering etc
?Manufacturing of steel, 
weaving of cloth etc
?Transport, trade, banking,
insurance and advertising.
AGRICULTURE= 
ager/ agri + culture
Ager- soil
culture- cultivation
FACTORS INFLUENCING AGRICULTURE
• Agricultural development depends on different factors such as:
1. Climate: Temperature & rainfall of a place are most important factors. Certain crops 
need hot and wet climate to grow , for eg., Rice; while others grow in drier cooler 
climates like Wheat.
2. Soil: Kind of soil affects the growth of type of crops.
Clayey Soil: retain water, suitable for growing crops like rice & cotton.
Fertile Alluvial Soil: ideal for agriculture and supports more kinds of crops; River banks 
are heavily cultivated.
Sandy Soil: allow water to seep through rapidly; more suited for groundnuts and millets.
3. Relief: Flat land like plains, valleys and flat top of plateaus and deltas are best suited for 
agriculture than the mountains. Hilly areas are more suited for cattle rearing and for 
crops that need well drained soils
4. Other factors :Availability of irrigation facilities, size of land holdings, transport facilities 
etc affect agriculture as well.
Page 3


INTRODUCTION
• What is Agriculture?
A. The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing 
livestock. The transformation from a plant to a finished product involving three 
types of economic activities- primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
• India  is an agriculturally significant country. Nearly 50% of the people in world are engaged in  
agriculture.
• Two-thirds of the population is engaged in agricultural activities- India has a rural economy.
• Agriculture produces most of the food we consume along with raw materials for various industries and 
some of the products are exported as well.
PRIMARY SECTOR SECONDARY SECTOR TERTIARY SECTOR
? Connected with extraction and 
production of natural resources
?Concerned with the processing 
of the natural resources
?Provide support to the Primary 
and Secondary sectors through 
services.
?Agriculture, fishing, mining, 
lumbering etc
?Manufacturing of steel, 
weaving of cloth etc
?Transport, trade, banking,
insurance and advertising.
AGRICULTURE= 
ager/ agri + culture
Ager- soil
culture- cultivation
FACTORS INFLUENCING AGRICULTURE
• Agricultural development depends on different factors such as:
1. Climate: Temperature & rainfall of a place are most important factors. Certain crops 
need hot and wet climate to grow , for eg., Rice; while others grow in drier cooler 
climates like Wheat.
2. Soil: Kind of soil affects the growth of type of crops.
Clayey Soil: retain water, suitable for growing crops like rice & cotton.
Fertile Alluvial Soil: ideal for agriculture and supports more kinds of crops; River banks 
are heavily cultivated.
Sandy Soil: allow water to seep through rapidly; more suited for groundnuts and millets.
3. Relief: Flat land like plains, valleys and flat top of plateaus and deltas are best suited for 
agriculture than the mountains. Hilly areas are more suited for cattle rearing and for 
crops that need well drained soils
4. Other factors :Availability of irrigation facilities, size of land holdings, transport facilities 
etc affect agriculture as well.
FARM SYSTEM
AGRICULTURE/FARMING
INPUTS
PROCESSES
OUTPUT
SYSTEM
HUMAN 
INPUTS
PHYSICAL 
INPUTS
SEEDS
MACHINERY CHEMICALS
PLOUGHING
SOWING
SPRAYING
HARVESTING
•SUNSHINE
•RAINFALL
•TEMPERA TURE
•SOIL
•SLOPE
•EARTHWORMS
•STORAGE
•LABOUR
•MACHINERY
•CHEMICALS
•IRRIGA TION
•HYV SEEDS
CROPS
DAIRY PRODUCTS
FISH
MEAT
WOOL
EGGS
CHICKEN
TIMBER
Page 4


INTRODUCTION
• What is Agriculture?
A. The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing 
livestock. The transformation from a plant to a finished product involving three 
types of economic activities- primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
• India  is an agriculturally significant country. Nearly 50% of the people in world are engaged in  
agriculture.
• Two-thirds of the population is engaged in agricultural activities- India has a rural economy.
• Agriculture produces most of the food we consume along with raw materials for various industries and 
some of the products are exported as well.
PRIMARY SECTOR SECONDARY SECTOR TERTIARY SECTOR
? Connected with extraction and 
production of natural resources
?Concerned with the processing 
of the natural resources
?Provide support to the Primary 
and Secondary sectors through 
services.
?Agriculture, fishing, mining, 
lumbering etc
?Manufacturing of steel, 
weaving of cloth etc
?Transport, trade, banking,
insurance and advertising.
AGRICULTURE= 
ager/ agri + culture
Ager- soil
culture- cultivation
FACTORS INFLUENCING AGRICULTURE
• Agricultural development depends on different factors such as:
1. Climate: Temperature & rainfall of a place are most important factors. Certain crops 
need hot and wet climate to grow , for eg., Rice; while others grow in drier cooler 
climates like Wheat.
2. Soil: Kind of soil affects the growth of type of crops.
Clayey Soil: retain water, suitable for growing crops like rice & cotton.
Fertile Alluvial Soil: ideal for agriculture and supports more kinds of crops; River banks 
are heavily cultivated.
Sandy Soil: allow water to seep through rapidly; more suited for groundnuts and millets.
3. Relief: Flat land like plains, valleys and flat top of plateaus and deltas are best suited for 
agriculture than the mountains. Hilly areas are more suited for cattle rearing and for 
crops that need well drained soils
4. Other factors :Availability of irrigation facilities, size of land holdings, transport facilities 
etc affect agriculture as well.
FARM SYSTEM
AGRICULTURE/FARMING
INPUTS
PROCESSES
OUTPUT
SYSTEM
HUMAN 
INPUTS
PHYSICAL 
INPUTS
SEEDS
MACHINERY CHEMICALS
PLOUGHING
SOWING
SPRAYING
HARVESTING
•SUNSHINE
•RAINFALL
•TEMPERA TURE
•SOIL
•SLOPE
•EARTHWORMS
•STORAGE
•LABOUR
•MACHINERY
•CHEMICALS
•IRRIGA TION
•HYV SEEDS
CROPS
DAIRY PRODUCTS
FISH
MEAT
WOOL
EGGS
CHICKEN
TIMBER
ACTIVITIES A FARMER HAS TO DO
PLOUGH THE FIELD
SOW THE SEEDS
IRRIGATE THE LAND
GUARD THE CROPS 
FROM PESTS
WEED OUT UNWANTED PLANTS
HARVEST
STORE
TRANSPORT THE CROP
TO THE MARKET
Page 5


INTRODUCTION
• What is Agriculture?
A. The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing 
livestock. The transformation from a plant to a finished product involving three 
types of economic activities- primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
• India  is an agriculturally significant country. Nearly 50% of the people in world are engaged in  
agriculture.
• Two-thirds of the population is engaged in agricultural activities- India has a rural economy.
• Agriculture produces most of the food we consume along with raw materials for various industries and 
some of the products are exported as well.
PRIMARY SECTOR SECONDARY SECTOR TERTIARY SECTOR
? Connected with extraction and 
production of natural resources
?Concerned with the processing 
of the natural resources
?Provide support to the Primary 
and Secondary sectors through 
services.
?Agriculture, fishing, mining, 
lumbering etc
?Manufacturing of steel, 
weaving of cloth etc
?Transport, trade, banking,
insurance and advertising.
AGRICULTURE= 
ager/ agri + culture
Ager- soil
culture- cultivation
FACTORS INFLUENCING AGRICULTURE
• Agricultural development depends on different factors such as:
1. Climate: Temperature & rainfall of a place are most important factors. Certain crops 
need hot and wet climate to grow , for eg., Rice; while others grow in drier cooler 
climates like Wheat.
2. Soil: Kind of soil affects the growth of type of crops.
Clayey Soil: retain water, suitable for growing crops like rice & cotton.
Fertile Alluvial Soil: ideal for agriculture and supports more kinds of crops; River banks 
are heavily cultivated.
Sandy Soil: allow water to seep through rapidly; more suited for groundnuts and millets.
3. Relief: Flat land like plains, valleys and flat top of plateaus and deltas are best suited for 
agriculture than the mountains. Hilly areas are more suited for cattle rearing and for 
crops that need well drained soils
4. Other factors :Availability of irrigation facilities, size of land holdings, transport facilities 
etc affect agriculture as well.
FARM SYSTEM
AGRICULTURE/FARMING
INPUTS
PROCESSES
OUTPUT
SYSTEM
HUMAN 
INPUTS
PHYSICAL 
INPUTS
SEEDS
MACHINERY CHEMICALS
PLOUGHING
SOWING
SPRAYING
HARVESTING
•SUNSHINE
•RAINFALL
•TEMPERA TURE
•SOIL
•SLOPE
•EARTHWORMS
•STORAGE
•LABOUR
•MACHINERY
•CHEMICALS
•IRRIGA TION
•HYV SEEDS
CROPS
DAIRY PRODUCTS
FISH
MEAT
WOOL
EGGS
CHICKEN
TIMBER
ACTIVITIES A FARMER HAS TO DO
PLOUGH THE FIELD
SOW THE SEEDS
IRRIGATE THE LAND
GUARD THE CROPS 
FROM PESTS
WEED OUT UNWANTED PLANTS
HARVEST
STORE
TRANSPORT THE CROP
TO THE MARKET
TYPES OF FARMING
SUBSISTENCE FARMING COMMERCIAL FARMING
INTENSIVE 
SUBSISTENCE
PRIMITIVE
SUBSISTENCE 
SHIFTING 
CULTIVATION
NOMADIC
HERDING
COMMERCIAL
GRAIN FARMING
MIXED FARMING PLANTATION
AGRICULTURE
• Agriculture is an age-old economic activity in our country.
•Over these years, cultivation methods have changed significantly 
depending upon the characteristics of physical environment, 
technological know-how and socio-cultural practices.
• Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type.
• At present, in different parts of India, the following farming 
systems are practised.
Points to remember: