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A g r i c u l t u r e
A g r i c u l t u r e
C o m p o n e n t s  o f  A g r i c u l t u r e
D e f i n i t i o n :  T h e  p r a c t i c e  o f  c u l t i v a t i n g  c r o p s  a n d
r e a r i n g  a n i m a l s  f o r  f o o d ,  f i b e r ,  m e d i c i n a l  p l a n t s ,  a n d
o t h e r  p r o d u c t s  u s e d  t o  s u s t a i n  a n d  e n h a n c e  h u m a n
l i f e .
T y p e s  o f  A g r i c u l t u r e :
C r o p s
L i v e s t o c k
A g r o f o r e s t r y
A g r i c u l t u r a l  I n p u t s
A g r i c u l t u r a l  P r a c t i c e s
A g r i c u l t u r a l  P o l i c i e s
A g r i c u l t u r a l  C h a l l e n g e s
S u b s i s t e n c e  A g r i c u l t u r e :  T h e  p r o d u c t i o n  o f  f o o d
m a i n l y  f o r  s e l f - c o n s u m p t i o n .
C o m m e r c i a l  A g r i c u l t u r e :  T h e  p r o d u c t i o n  o f  c r o p s  a n d
l i v e s t o c k  f o r  s a l e  i n  t h e  m a r k e t .
D e f i n i t i o n :  P r o b l e m s  a n d  o b s t a c l e s  f a c e d  b y  t h e
a g r i c u l t u r a l  s e c t o r .
T y p e s  o f  C h a l l e n g e s :
C l i m a t e  C h a n g e :  A l t e r e d  w e a t h e r  p a t t e r n s  a n d
i n c r e a s i n g  t e m p e r a t u r e s  a f f e c t i n g  c r o p  p r o d u c t i v i t y ,
w a t e r  a v a i l a b i l i t y ,  a n d  p e s t  o u t b r e a k s .
F o o d  S e c u r i t y :  E n s u r i n g  a  c o n s i s t e n t  a n d  r e l i a b l e
s u p p l y  o f  s a f e  a n d  n u t r i t i o u s  f o o d  t o  a l l  i n d i v i d u a l s .
W a t e r  S c a r c i t y :  L i m i t e d  a v a i l a b i l i t y  o f  f r e s h  w a t e r  f o r
i r r i g a t i o n  p u r p o s e s  a n d  a n i m a l  h u s b a n d r y .
R u r a l - U r b a n  M i g r a t i o n :  M o v e m e n t  o f  p e o p l e  f r o m
r u r a l  t o  u r b a n  a r e a s ,  l e a d i n g  t o  a  d e c l i n e  i n
a g r i c u l t u r a l  w o r k f o r c e  a n d  p r o d u c t i v i t y .
S o i l  D e g r a d a t i o n :  L o s s  o f  s o i l  f e r t i l i t y  d u e  t o  e r o s i o n ,
n u t r i e n t  d e p l e t i o n ,  a n d  c h e m i c a l  c o n t a m i n a t i o n .
D e f i n i t i o n :  G o v e r n m e n t  r e g u l a t i o n s  a n d  i n i t i a t i v e s
r e l a t e d  t o  a g r i c u l t u r a l  p r o d u c t i o n ,  m a r k e t i n g ,  a n d
s u p p o r t .
T y p e s  o f  P o l i c i e s :
D e f i n i t i o n :  P l a n t s  c u l t i v a t e d  f o r  t h e i r  e c o n o m i c  o r
n u t r i t i o n a l  v a l u e .
T y p e s  o f  C r o p s :
P r i c e  S u p p o r t :  G o v e r n m e n t  i n t e r v e n t i o n s  t o  s t a b i l i z e
a g r i c u l t u r a l  p r i c e s  a n d  p r o t e c t  f a r m e r s  f r o m  m a r k e t
f l u c t u a t i o n s .
S u b s i d i e s :  F i n a n c i a l  a s s i s t a n c e  p r o v i d e d  b y  t h e
g o v e r n m e n t  t o  f a r m e r s  t o  p r o m o t e  a g r i c u l t u r a l
a c t i v i t i e s  a n d  e n s u r e  f o o d  s e c u r i t y .
T r a d e  P o l i c i e s :  R e g u l a t i o n s  g o v e r n i n g  i m p o r t s  a n d
e x p o r t s  o f  a g r i c u l t u r a l  p r o d u c t s .
L a n d  R e f o r m s :  P o l i c i e s  a i m e d  a t  i m p r o v i n g  l a n d
o w n e r s h i p ,  t e n a n c y ,  a n d  d i s t r i b u t i o n  t o  e n s u r e
e q u i t a b l e  a c c e s s  a n d  p r o d u c t i v i t y .
F o o d  C r o p s :  C r o p s  g r o w n  p r i m a r i l y  f o r  h u m a n
c o n s u m p t i o n ,  s u c h  a s  g r a i n s ,  f r u i t s ,  a n d  v e g e t a b l e s .
C a s h  C r o p s :  C r o p s  g r o w n  f o r  t h e  p u r p o s e  o f  s a l e ,
s u c h  a s  c o t t o n ,  t o b a c c o ,  a n d  s u g a r c a n e .
H o r t i c u l t u r e  C r o p s :  C r o p s  g r o w n  f o r  o r n a m e n t a l
p u r p o s e s ,  l a n d s c a p i n g ,  o r  m e d i c i n a l  u s e ,  s u c h  a s
f l o w e r s ,  h e r b s ,  a n d  m e d i c i n a l  p l a n t s .
D e f i n i t i o n :  T e c h n i q u e s  a n d  m e t h o d s  u s e d  i n  f a r m i n g
t o  i m p r o v e  p r o d u c t i v i t y  a n d  e f f i c i e n c y .
T y p e s  o f  P r a c t i c e s :
D e f i n i t i o n :  R e s o u r c e s  o r  m a t e r i a l s  u s e d  i n  a g r i c u l t u r a l
p r o d u c t i o n .
T y p e s  o f  I n p u t s :
S e e d s :  R e p r o d u c t i v e  u n i t s  u s e d  t o  g r o w  c r o p s .
F e r t i l i z e r s :  S u b s t a n c e s  a d d e d  t o  s o i l  t o  p r o v i d e
e s s e n t i a l  n u t r i e n t s  f o r  p l a n t  g r o w t h .
P e s t i c i d e s :  C h e m i c a l s  u s e d  t o  c o n t r o l  p e s t s  a n d
d i s e a s e s  i n  c r o p s .
I r r i g a t i o n :  A r t i f i c i a l l y  s u p p l y i n g  w a t e r  t o  c r o p s  w h e n
n a t u r a l  r a i n f a l l  i s  i n s u f f i c i e n t .
O r g a n i c  F a r m i n g :  A  s y s t e m  t h a t  a v o i d s  s y n t h e t i c
i n p u t s  a n d  f o c u s e s  o n  m a i n t a i n i n g  s o i l  h e a l t h ,
b i o d i v e r s i t y ,  a n d  e c o l o g i c a l  b a l a n c e .
P r e c i s i o n  F a r m i n g :  U s i n g  t e c h n o l o g y  a n d  d a t a  t o
o p t i m i z e  c r o p  p r o d u c t i o n  i n  t e r m s  o f  p l a n t i n g ,
f e r t i l i z i n g ,  a n d  h a r v e s t i n g .
S u s t a i n a b l e  A g r i c u l t u r e :  P r a c t i c e s  t h a t  a i m  t o
c o n s e r v e  a n d  p r o t e c t  r e s o u r c e s  w h i l e  m e e t i n g  t h e
n e e d s  o f  t h e  p r e s e n t  w i t h o u t  c o m p r o m i s i n g  f u t u r e
g e n e r a t i o n s .
A g r o e c o l o g y :  A p p l y i n g  e c o l o g i c a l  p r i n c i p l e s  t o
a g r i c u l t u r e  t o  e n h a n c e  p r o d u c t i v i t y ,  e c o s y s t e m
s e r v i c e s ,  a n d  r e s i l i e n c e .
D e f i n i t i o n :  T h e  i n t e n t i o n a l  i n t e g r a t i o n  o f  t r e e s  a n d
s h r u b s  i n t o  c r o p  a n d  a n i m a l  f a r m i n g  s y s t e m s  t o
c r e a t e  e n v i r o n m e n t a l ,  e c o n o m i c ,  a n d  s o c i a l  b e n e f i t s .
D e f i n i t i o n :  A n i m a l s  r a i s e d  i n  a g r i c u l t u r a l  p r o d u c t i o n
f o r  t h e i r  l a b o r  o r  e c o n o m i c  v a l u e .
T y p e s  o f  L i v e s t o c k :
D a i r y :  A n i m a l s  r a i s e d  f o r  m i l k  p r o d u c t i o n ,  s u c h  a s
c o w s ,  g o a t s ,  a n d  b u f f a l o e s .
P o u l t r y :  D o m e s t i c a t e d  b i r d s  r a i s e d  f o r  m e a t  a n d  e g g
p r o d u c t i o n ,  s u c h  a s  c h i c k e n s ,  d u c k s ,  a n d  t u r k e y s .
C a t t l e :  A n i m a l s  p r i m a r i l y  r a i s e d  f o r  m e a t  p r o d u c t i o n ,
s u c h  a s  c a t t l e ,  p i g s ,  s h e e p ,  a n d  g o a t s .
A q u a c u l t u r e :  F a r m i n g  o f  a q u a t i c  o r g a n i s m s ,  i n c l u d i n g
f i s h ,  c r u s t a c e a n s ,  m o l l u s k s ,  a n d  a q u a t i c  p l a n t s ,  i n  a
c o n t r o l l e d  e n v i r o n m e n t .
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