PPT: Distance & Direction | Logical Reasoning for CLAT PDF Download

 Page 1


Distance & 
Direction
Page 2


Distance & 
Direction
What is Direction?
Definition
Direction is the information 
contained in the relative 
position of one point with 
respect to another point 
without the distance 
information. Directions may be 
either relative to some indicated 
reference or absolute according 
to a previously agreed upon 
frame of reference.
Cardinal Directions
The four cardinal directions are 
North (N), East (E), South (S), 
and West (W). East and West 
are at right angles to North and 
South, with East being in the 
clockwise direction from North.
Intermediate Directions
The intermediate directions 
between the four cardinal 
directions are: North-West, 
North-East, South-West, and 
South-East.
Assumption: The direction of the top of the page is always considered as North unless specified in the question.
Page 3


Distance & 
Direction
What is Direction?
Definition
Direction is the information 
contained in the relative 
position of one point with 
respect to another point 
without the distance 
information. Directions may be 
either relative to some indicated 
reference or absolute according 
to a previously agreed upon 
frame of reference.
Cardinal Directions
The four cardinal directions are 
North (N), East (E), South (S), 
and West (W). East and West 
are at right angles to North and 
South, with East being in the 
clockwise direction from North.
Intermediate Directions
The intermediate directions 
between the four cardinal 
directions are: North-West, 
North-East, South-West, and 
South-East.
Assumption: The direction of the top of the page is always considered as North unless specified in the question.
Finding Out Distance
The student is generally expected to find out 
the shortest distance between the starting 
point and the destination. To find this 
distance, one should draw a diagram showing 
the actual path followed by the person, along 
with the distance traveled.
Finally, the starting point and destination are 
joined by a straight line and distance is 
observed. For this we use Pythagoras 
Theorem.
Rules for Questions Regarding Shadows
At sunrise: If facing East, shadow falls West
In afternoon: If Sun is South, shadow falls 
North
At sunset: Shadow always falls East
At noon: No shadow as rays are vertical
Page 4


Distance & 
Direction
What is Direction?
Definition
Direction is the information 
contained in the relative 
position of one point with 
respect to another point 
without the distance 
information. Directions may be 
either relative to some indicated 
reference or absolute according 
to a previously agreed upon 
frame of reference.
Cardinal Directions
The four cardinal directions are 
North (N), East (E), South (S), 
and West (W). East and West 
are at right angles to North and 
South, with East being in the 
clockwise direction from North.
Intermediate Directions
The intermediate directions 
between the four cardinal 
directions are: North-West, 
North-East, South-West, and 
South-East.
Assumption: The direction of the top of the page is always considered as North unless specified in the question.
Finding Out Distance
The student is generally expected to find out 
the shortest distance between the starting 
point and the destination. To find this 
distance, one should draw a diagram showing 
the actual path followed by the person, along 
with the distance traveled.
Finally, the starting point and destination are 
joined by a straight line and distance is 
observed. For this we use Pythagoras 
Theorem.
Rules for Questions Regarding Shadows
At sunrise: If facing East, shadow falls West
In afternoon: If Sun is South, shadow falls 
North
At sunset: Shadow always falls East
At noon: No shadow as rays are vertical
Advanced Direction Concepts
Applying Direction Rules to Problems
E x a m p l e : One morning after sunrise, Nandita and Ravi were sitting in a lawn with their backs 
towards each other. Nandita's shadow fell exactly towards her left-hand side. Which direction 
was Ravi facing? 
When Nandita's shadow falls to her left in the morning, she must be facing North. 1.
Since Ravi sits with his back to Nandita, he faces the opposite direction: South. 2.
These deductions rely on understanding how shadows work after sunrise. 3.
Morning shadows always point westward, creating predictable directional patterns. 4.
Page 5


Distance & 
Direction
What is Direction?
Definition
Direction is the information 
contained in the relative 
position of one point with 
respect to another point 
without the distance 
information. Directions may be 
either relative to some indicated 
reference or absolute according 
to a previously agreed upon 
frame of reference.
Cardinal Directions
The four cardinal directions are 
North (N), East (E), South (S), 
and West (W). East and West 
are at right angles to North and 
South, with East being in the 
clockwise direction from North.
Intermediate Directions
The intermediate directions 
between the four cardinal 
directions are: North-West, 
North-East, South-West, and 
South-East.
Assumption: The direction of the top of the page is always considered as North unless specified in the question.
Finding Out Distance
The student is generally expected to find out 
the shortest distance between the starting 
point and the destination. To find this 
distance, one should draw a diagram showing 
the actual path followed by the person, along 
with the distance traveled.
Finally, the starting point and destination are 
joined by a straight line and distance is 
observed. For this we use Pythagoras 
Theorem.
Rules for Questions Regarding Shadows
At sunrise: If facing East, shadow falls West
In afternoon: If Sun is South, shadow falls 
North
At sunset: Shadow always falls East
At noon: No shadow as rays are vertical
Advanced Direction Concepts
Applying Direction Rules to Problems
E x a m p l e : One morning after sunrise, Nandita and Ravi were sitting in a lawn with their backs 
towards each other. Nandita's shadow fell exactly towards her left-hand side. Which direction 
was Ravi facing? 
When Nandita's shadow falls to her left in the morning, she must be facing North. 1.
Since Ravi sits with his back to Nandita, he faces the opposite direction: South. 2.
These deductions rely on understanding how shadows work after sunrise. 3.
Morning shadows always point westward, creating predictable directional patterns. 4.
Concepts for Understanding
Right and Left Movement
The right and left movement of 
a person is always with 
reference to the body moving 
in the scenario, not the person 
solving the question. Example: 
Mr. Deepak walks 5 km south, 
turns right for 3 km, then left 
for 5 km. He's now facing South.
Directional Reference Point
One should draw cardinal 
directions at a reference 
city/place to find the direction 
of another location. Example: 
Bengaluru is South of New Delhi 
but West of Chennai. Mumbai is 
Northwest of Bengaluru.
Sun Rays and Shadow
The direction of one's shadow depends on the direction and time. 
Morning shadows fall westward, afternoon shadows northward (in 
northern hemisphere), and evening shadows eastward.