PPT: The Earliest Societies | Social Studies & Pedagogy Paper 2 for CTET & TET Exams - CTET & State TET PDF Download

 Page 1


The Earliest 
Societies
Page 2


The Earliest 
Societies
Why Hunter-Gatherers Moved
1
Resource Depletion
They moved when they consumed all available plant and animal 
resources in an area.
2
Following Animals
They followed animals that moved in search of grass and leaves.
3
Seasonal Fruits
They relocated according to seasons when different plants bore 
fruits.
4
Water Sources
They moved in search of water from lakes, streams, and rivers.
Page 3


The Earliest 
Societies
Why Hunter-Gatherers Moved
1
Resource Depletion
They moved when they consumed all available plant and animal 
resources in an area.
2
Following Animals
They followed animals that moved in search of grass and leaves.
3
Seasonal Fruits
They relocated according to seasons when different plants bore 
fruits.
4
Water Sources
They moved in search of water from lakes, streams, and rivers.
Pre-Historic Sites and Tools
Stone Tools
Used to cut meat, scrape 
bark, chop fruit, and remove 
roots from soil.
Factory Sites
Places where stone tools 
were made by early humans.
Habitation Sites
Caves and rock shelters in 
Vindhyas, Deccan plateau.
Key archaeological sites include Bhimbetka, Hunsgi, and Kurnool caves.
Page 4


The Earliest 
Societies
Why Hunter-Gatherers Moved
1
Resource Depletion
They moved when they consumed all available plant and animal 
resources in an area.
2
Following Animals
They followed animals that moved in search of grass and leaves.
3
Seasonal Fruits
They relocated according to seasons when different plants bore 
fruits.
4
Water Sources
They moved in search of water from lakes, streams, and rivers.
Pre-Historic Sites and Tools
Stone Tools
Used to cut meat, scrape 
bark, chop fruit, and remove 
roots from soil.
Factory Sites
Places where stone tools 
were made by early humans.
Habitation Sites
Caves and rock shelters in 
Vindhyas, Deccan plateau.
Key archaeological sites include Bhimbetka, Hunsgi, and Kurnool caves.
Stone Tool Making 
Techniques
Stone on Stone
One pebble was used to strike flakes from another 
until the required shape was obtained.
Pressure Flaking
The edge of a stone was trimmed by removing small 
lithic flakes with pressure.
Page 5


The Earliest 
Societies
Why Hunter-Gatherers Moved
1
Resource Depletion
They moved when they consumed all available plant and animal 
resources in an area.
2
Following Animals
They followed animals that moved in search of grass and leaves.
3
Seasonal Fruits
They relocated according to seasons when different plants bore 
fruits.
4
Water Sources
They moved in search of water from lakes, streams, and rivers.
Pre-Historic Sites and Tools
Stone Tools
Used to cut meat, scrape 
bark, chop fruit, and remove 
roots from soil.
Factory Sites
Places where stone tools 
were made by early humans.
Habitation Sites
Caves and rock shelters in 
Vindhyas, Deccan plateau.
Key archaeological sites include Bhimbetka, Hunsgi, and Kurnool caves.
Stone Tool Making 
Techniques
Stone on Stone
One pebble was used to strike flakes from another 
until the required shape was obtained.
Pressure Flaking
The edge of a stone was trimmed by removing small 
lithic flakes with pressure.
Fire, Climate Change, and 
Art
Fire 
Discovery
Ash traces in 
Kurnool caves 
show fire was 
used for light, 
cooking, and 
protection.
Climate 
Shift
Warmer 
conditions 12,000 
years ago led to 
grasslands and 
natural grain 
growth.
Cave 
Paintings
Rock art at 
Bhimbetka shows 
wild animals, 
using mineral 
pigments like 
ochre and 
charcoal.