PPT: Materials | Science & Pedagogy Paper 2 for CTET & TET Exams - CTET & State TET PDF Download

 Page 1


Materials of Daily 
Use
Page 2


Materials of Daily 
Use
Acids: Definition and Classification
1
What Are Acids?
Acids are sour substances 
that release hydrogen ions 
(H+) in water. They can be 
organic or mineral.
2
Types of Acids
Binary acids have hydrogen 
and one other element (HCl). 
Oxyacids have hydrogen and 
oxygen (H¢SO¤). Organic 
acids contain the -COOH 
group (carboxylic acids).
3
Non-Metal Oxides
Non-metal oxides like sulfur 
dioxide (SO¢) act as acids 
when dissolved in water, 
important in environmental 
and industrial applications.
Page 3


Materials of Daily 
Use
Acids: Definition and Classification
1
What Are Acids?
Acids are sour substances 
that release hydrogen ions 
(H+) in water. They can be 
organic or mineral.
2
Types of Acids
Binary acids have hydrogen 
and one other element (HCl). 
Oxyacids have hydrogen and 
oxygen (H¢SO¤). Organic 
acids contain the -COOH 
group (carboxylic acids).
3
Non-Metal Oxides
Non-metal oxides like sulfur 
dioxide (SO¢) act as acids 
when dissolved in water, 
important in environmental 
and industrial applications.
Properties and 
Classification of Acids
Key Properties of Acids
Acids conduct electricity, react with metals to release 
hydrogen, produce CO¢ with carbonates, neutralize 
bases, and cause corrosion.
Strong vs. Weak Acids
Strong acids (HCl, HNO£, H¢SO¤) fully dissociate. Weak 
acids (CH£COOH, HCOOH) only partially dissociate.
Hydracids vs. Oxyacids
Hydracids contain hydrogen and a non-metal (HCl, HF). 
Oxyacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a non-metal 
(H¢SO¤, HNO£).
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Materials of Daily 
Use
Acids: Definition and Classification
1
What Are Acids?
Acids are sour substances 
that release hydrogen ions 
(H+) in water. They can be 
organic or mineral.
2
Types of Acids
Binary acids have hydrogen 
and one other element (HCl). 
Oxyacids have hydrogen and 
oxygen (H¢SO¤). Organic 
acids contain the -COOH 
group (carboxylic acids).
3
Non-Metal Oxides
Non-metal oxides like sulfur 
dioxide (SO¢) act as acids 
when dissolved in water, 
important in environmental 
and industrial applications.
Properties and 
Classification of Acids
Key Properties of Acids
Acids conduct electricity, react with metals to release 
hydrogen, produce CO¢ with carbonates, neutralize 
bases, and cause corrosion.
Strong vs. Weak Acids
Strong acids (HCl, HNO£, H¢SO¤) fully dissociate. Weak 
acids (CH£COOH, HCOOH) only partially dissociate.
Hydracids vs. Oxyacids
Hydracids contain hydrogen and a non-metal (HCl, HF). 
Oxyacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a non-metal 
(H¢SO¤, HNO£).
Sources and Uses of Important Acids
Laboratory 
Applications
Acids are crucial in 
laboratories for 
analysis, synthesis, 
and research, serving 
as essential tools for 
scientific work.
Industrial 
Production
Acid manufacturing 
requires specialized 
equipment and safety 
protocols, supplying 
critical materials for 
manufacturing, 
agriculture, and other 
industries.
Page 5


Materials of Daily 
Use
Acids: Definition and Classification
1
What Are Acids?
Acids are sour substances 
that release hydrogen ions 
(H+) in water. They can be 
organic or mineral.
2
Types of Acids
Binary acids have hydrogen 
and one other element (HCl). 
Oxyacids have hydrogen and 
oxygen (H¢SO¤). Organic 
acids contain the -COOH 
group (carboxylic acids).
3
Non-Metal Oxides
Non-metal oxides like sulfur 
dioxide (SO¢) act as acids 
when dissolved in water, 
important in environmental 
and industrial applications.
Properties and 
Classification of Acids
Key Properties of Acids
Acids conduct electricity, react with metals to release 
hydrogen, produce CO¢ with carbonates, neutralize 
bases, and cause corrosion.
Strong vs. Weak Acids
Strong acids (HCl, HNO£, H¢SO¤) fully dissociate. Weak 
acids (CH£COOH, HCOOH) only partially dissociate.
Hydracids vs. Oxyacids
Hydracids contain hydrogen and a non-metal (HCl, HF). 
Oxyacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a non-metal 
(H¢SO¤, HNO£).
Sources and Uses of Important Acids
Laboratory 
Applications
Acids are crucial in 
laboratories for 
analysis, synthesis, 
and research, serving 
as essential tools for 
scientific work.
Industrial 
Production
Acid manufacturing 
requires specialized 
equipment and safety 
protocols, supplying 
critical materials for 
manufacturing, 
agriculture, and other 
industries.
Acid Safety and Special Applications
Acid Burns Prevention
Always add acid to water slowly while stirring, 
never reverse. Prevents dangerous heat buildup 
that could cause splashing and burns.
Aqua-regia: The Gold Dissolver
3:1 mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids 
dissolves noble metals like gold and platinum. 
Essential in metal processing.
Acid Rain: Environmental Impact
Forms when atmospheric gases dissolve in 
rainwater, damaging wildlife, vegetation, and 
structures.
Biological Importance
Nucleic acids form DNA/RNA while amino/fatty 
acids are essential for proteins and fats in living 
organisms.