Lecture 3 - Nervous System | Animal Physiology and Functional Histology- I - MBBS PDF Download

 Page 1


Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Zoology  
Lesson: Nervous system  
Lesson Developer: Saroj Kesar 
College/ Department : Miranda House, University of Delhi 
 
Page 2


Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Zoology  
Lesson: Nervous system  
Lesson Developer: Saroj Kesar 
College/ Department : Miranda House, University of Delhi 
 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               1 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents 
Chapter : Nervous system 
?  Introduction 
? General design of nervous system 
? Basic functional unit: neuron 
? Type of axons 
? Different type of nerve fibres 
? Adrenergic and cholinergic fibres 
? Major division of nervous system 
? Central nervous system synapses 
? Type of synapses 
? Synapses and myoneural junction 
? Shape of synaptic vesicles 
? Location of different type of synapses 
? Origin of Resting membrane potential 
? Sodium-Potassium pump, Nernst equation and Donnan’s 
equilibrium  
? Voltage gating and ligand gating 
? Generation of nerve action potential and compound action 
potential 
? Recording of action potential and compound action 
potential 
? Propagation of action potential as an impulse 
? Transmission across unmyelinated axon  
? Transmission across myelinated axon 
? Transmission across a synapse 
? Transmission across myoneural junction 
? All or none principle 
? Action of neurotransmitters 
? Properties of Synapse 
Page 3


Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Zoology  
Lesson: Nervous system  
Lesson Developer: Saroj Kesar 
College/ Department : Miranda House, University of Delhi 
 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               1 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents 
Chapter : Nervous system 
?  Introduction 
? General design of nervous system 
? Basic functional unit: neuron 
? Type of axons 
? Different type of nerve fibres 
? Adrenergic and cholinergic fibres 
? Major division of nervous system 
? Central nervous system synapses 
? Type of synapses 
? Synapses and myoneural junction 
? Shape of synaptic vesicles 
? Location of different type of synapses 
? Origin of Resting membrane potential 
? Sodium-Potassium pump, Nernst equation and Donnan’s 
equilibrium  
? Voltage gating and ligand gating 
? Generation of nerve action potential and compound action 
potential 
? Recording of action potential and compound action 
potential 
? Propagation of action potential as an impulse 
? Transmission across unmyelinated axon  
? Transmission across myelinated axon 
? Transmission across a synapse 
? Transmission across myoneural junction 
? All or none principle 
? Action of neurotransmitters 
? Properties of Synapse 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               2 
 
? Presynaptic inhibition 
? Reflexes 
? Type of reflexes 
? Monosynaptic and polysynaptric reflex 
? Reflex pathway 
? Withdrawal reflex 
? Summary  
? Exercises 
? Glossary 
? References 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 4


Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Zoology  
Lesson: Nervous system  
Lesson Developer: Saroj Kesar 
College/ Department : Miranda House, University of Delhi 
 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               1 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents 
Chapter : Nervous system 
?  Introduction 
? General design of nervous system 
? Basic functional unit: neuron 
? Type of axons 
? Different type of nerve fibres 
? Adrenergic and cholinergic fibres 
? Major division of nervous system 
? Central nervous system synapses 
? Type of synapses 
? Synapses and myoneural junction 
? Shape of synaptic vesicles 
? Location of different type of synapses 
? Origin of Resting membrane potential 
? Sodium-Potassium pump, Nernst equation and Donnan’s 
equilibrium  
? Voltage gating and ligand gating 
? Generation of nerve action potential and compound action 
potential 
? Recording of action potential and compound action 
potential 
? Propagation of action potential as an impulse 
? Transmission across unmyelinated axon  
? Transmission across myelinated axon 
? Transmission across a synapse 
? Transmission across myoneural junction 
? All or none principle 
? Action of neurotransmitters 
? Properties of Synapse 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               2 
 
? Presynaptic inhibition 
? Reflexes 
? Type of reflexes 
? Monosynaptic and polysynaptric reflex 
? Reflex pathway 
? Withdrawal reflex 
? Summary  
? Exercises 
? Glossary 
? References 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Introduction 
Stability of “milieu interieur”- Homeostasis is maintained by the following two systems:- 
i. Nervous System 
ii. Endocrine System 
These two are known as internal coordinating system and coordinate the activities of 
various systems within the body as well with the environmental conditions outside the 
body. 
NERVOUS SYSTEM 
? It receives information from different sensory organs and integrates all these to 
determine the response to be made by the body. 
? It controls rapid activities of the body viz, muscular contractions, visceral events and 
rates of the secretions of some endocrines. 
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 
? It principally regulates the metabolic functions of the body by releasing chemical 
messengers known as hormones into the blood stream. 
General design of nervous system 
Basic functional unit: Neuron 
 
? Basic functional unit is a neuron and more than 100 billion neurons are present in 
the central nervous system.  
? A typical large neuron found in the cerebral motor cortex  
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Receptive 
field) 
(Transmission 
field) 
(Bouton 
terminaux) 
Nodes of Ranvier 
Page 5


Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subject: Zoology  
Lesson: Nervous system  
Lesson Developer: Saroj Kesar 
College/ Department : Miranda House, University of Delhi 
 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               1 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents 
Chapter : Nervous system 
?  Introduction 
? General design of nervous system 
? Basic functional unit: neuron 
? Type of axons 
? Different type of nerve fibres 
? Adrenergic and cholinergic fibres 
? Major division of nervous system 
? Central nervous system synapses 
? Type of synapses 
? Synapses and myoneural junction 
? Shape of synaptic vesicles 
? Location of different type of synapses 
? Origin of Resting membrane potential 
? Sodium-Potassium pump, Nernst equation and Donnan’s 
equilibrium  
? Voltage gating and ligand gating 
? Generation of nerve action potential and compound action 
potential 
? Recording of action potential and compound action 
potential 
? Propagation of action potential as an impulse 
? Transmission across unmyelinated axon  
? Transmission across myelinated axon 
? Transmission across a synapse 
? Transmission across myoneural junction 
? All or none principle 
? Action of neurotransmitters 
? Properties of Synapse 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               2 
 
? Presynaptic inhibition 
? Reflexes 
? Type of reflexes 
? Monosynaptic and polysynaptric reflex 
? Reflex pathway 
? Withdrawal reflex 
? Summary  
? Exercises 
? Glossary 
? References 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Introduction 
Stability of “milieu interieur”- Homeostasis is maintained by the following two systems:- 
i. Nervous System 
ii. Endocrine System 
These two are known as internal coordinating system and coordinate the activities of 
various systems within the body as well with the environmental conditions outside the 
body. 
NERVOUS SYSTEM 
? It receives information from different sensory organs and integrates all these to 
determine the response to be made by the body. 
? It controls rapid activities of the body viz, muscular contractions, visceral events and 
rates of the secretions of some endocrines. 
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 
? It principally regulates the metabolic functions of the body by releasing chemical 
messengers known as hormones into the blood stream. 
General design of nervous system 
Basic functional unit: Neuron 
 
? Basic functional unit is a neuron and more than 100 billion neurons are present in 
the central nervous system.  
? A typical large neuron found in the cerebral motor cortex  
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Receptive 
field) 
(Transmission 
field) 
(Bouton 
terminaux) 
Nodes of Ranvier 
Nervous System 
                          Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi                               4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fig. Structure of a Neuron 
Source: http//:www.thomasjwestmusic.comgraphics/neuron.JPG 
? Dendrite is derived from Greek word ‘dendron” meaning tree. 
? Neurons can be classified on the following basis as shown in fig.: 
 
Fig. Basis of classification of neuron on the basis of their structure and function