**Establishment of Racial State during the French Revolution**

The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It brought about significant changes in the political and social structure of the country. During this time, there were various attempts to establish a racial state, with the aim of promoting the dominance of a particular race or ethnic group. Here are some points explaining the establishment of a racial state during the French Revolution:

**1. Rise of Racial Theories:**
During the French Revolution, there was a growing interest in racial theories, particularly influenced by the works of scientists and philosophers like Comte de Buffon and Johann F. Blumenbach. These theories categorized races hierarchically, with some races considered superior to others.

**2. Influence of Enlightenment Ideas:**
The Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that emphasized reason, individualism, and progress, had a significant impact on the French Revolution. Some Enlightenment thinkers propagated racial theories, arguing for the superiority of certain races based on their perceived intellectual, physical, or cultural characteristics.

**3. Colonial Influence:**
France was a colonial power during this time, and the colonial enterprise played a crucial role in shaping racial ideologies. The French colonial administration implemented policies that promoted racial segregation and discrimination, reinforcing the idea of racial hierarchy.

**4. Racial Laws and Policies:**
The French Revolution witnessed the enactment of several racial laws and policies. For example, the French National Assembly passed laws that restricted the rights and freedoms of non-white populations, particularly in the French colonies. These laws aimed to maintain the dominance of the white population and perpetuate racial inequality.

**5. Scientific Racism:**
Scientific racism, a pseudoscientific belief system that sought to justify racial hierarchies through the use of scientific methods, gained popularity during the French Revolution. This approach lent an aura of legitimacy to racial theories and provided a basis for the establishment of a racial state.

**6. Impact on Society:**
The establishment of a racial state during the French Revolution had a profound impact on society. It led to the marginalization and oppression of non-white populations, both within France and in its colonies. Racial discrimination became institutionalized, further entrenching racial inequalities.

In conclusion, the French Revolution witnessed the establishment of a racial state through the rise of racial theories, the influence of Enlightenment ideas, colonial policies, the enactment of racial laws, and the promotion of scientific racism. These factors contributed to the marginalization and discrimination of non-white populations, perpetuating racial hierarchies and inequalities.