The French society during the 18th century was divided into two distinct classes: the nobility and the commoners. This division was mainly based on social status, wealth, and birthright.

1. Nobility:
The nobility, also known as the aristocracy, constituted a small percentage of the French population. They held a significant amount of power, wealth, and privileges. The nobles enjoyed feudal rights and were exempt from many taxes, including the taille (a land tax). They also had access to prestigious positions in the government, military, and the Church.

- Hereditary Privileges: Nobles enjoyed privileges that were passed down from generation to generation. They had exclusive rights to own and inherit land, as well as the ability to collect feudal dues from peasants residing on their estates.
- Social Status: The nobility held a distinguished social status and were considered the elite of French society. They lived lavish lifestyles in grand chateaux and were expected to adhere to strict codes of conduct and etiquette.
- Education and Upbringing: Nobles received a formal education, often in prestigious institutions, and were groomed for leadership roles. They were trained in arts, literature, and the sciences, further enhancing their social status.
- Court Life: Many nobles resided at the royal court in Versailles, serving the king or queen in various capacities. They participated in elaborate court ceremonies and engaged in social activities such as dancing, gambling, and attending grand balls.

2. Commoners:
The commoners, or the Third Estate, represented the majority of the French population. They were further divided into different social groups, including the bourgeoisie, urban workers, and peasants.

- Bourgeoisie: The bourgeoisie consisted of merchants, professionals, and skilled workers. They often enjoyed a comfortable lifestyle and had access to education and wealth. Some were able to climb the social ladder and attain positions of power through their economic success.
- Urban Workers: The urban working class comprised artisans, laborers, and domestic servants. They faced difficult working conditions, low wages, and had limited social mobility. Many lived in crowded and unsanitary conditions in cities.
- Peasants: The largest group within the Third Estate were peasants, who made up the rural farming population. They were burdened with heavy taxes, feudal obligations, and limited opportunities for upward mobility. Peasants were often subject to the whims and demands of the nobles who owned the land they worked on.

Despite their differences, both classes played crucial roles in French society. However, the rigid social structure and the vast disparities in wealth and privilege between the nobility and commoners would eventually contribute to the social unrest and revolution that took place in France in the late 18th century.