The correct answer is option 'B' Bankim Chandra Chatterji.

The National Song of India, also known as "Vande Mataram," was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterji. It holds a significant place in the history and culture of India and is considered one of the most patriotic songs in the country.

Bankim Chandra Chatterji:
Bankim Chandra Chatterji was a prominent Bengali writer and poet who lived during the 19th century. He is regarded as one of the pioneers of modern Indian literature and played a crucial role in the Indian nationalist movement. He wrote in both Bengali and Sanskrit, and his works often focused on themes of patriotism, social reform, and religious revivalism.

Composition of Vande Mataram:
"Vande Mataram" was originally written as a poem in Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterji in 1876. It was a part of his novel Anandamath and was later included in his collection of Bengali songs named Bongodorshon. The song became immensely popular and gained widespread recognition for its patriotic fervor and call for national unity.

Significance and Adoption as National Song:
The song "Vande Mataram" played a significant role in inspiring and mobilizing the Indian freedom fighters during the struggle for independence. It became a rallying cry for the freedom movement and represented the spirit of the Indian people's resistance against British colonial rule.

In 1905, the song was first sung in a political context during the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal. It quickly gained popularity and became the anthem of the movement, symbolizing the fight against British imperialism. The song's powerful lyrics and emotional appeal resonated with people across the country, and it became a symbol of national pride and unity.

In 1950, after India gained independence, "Vande Mataram" was officially adopted as the National Song of India. It holds a special place in the hearts of Indians and is often sung on various national occasions, including Independence Day and Republic Day.

Conclusion:
Bankim Chandra Chatterji's composition "Vande Mataram" holds immense historical and cultural significance in India. It is a powerful expression of patriotism and remains an integral part of the country's national identity.

It is taken from the novel 'Anand math' by bankim Chandra chattopadhyay