The Fundamental Unit of Life: MCQ with Solution

The fundamental unit of life refers to the smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms, which is the cell. Cells are the building blocks of life and are responsible for carrying out all the essential functions necessary for an organism to survive. In this response, we will explore MCQs related to the fundamental unit of life and provide detailed explanations for each answer.

1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
Answer: Cell

Explanation: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are composed of cells, whether they are unicellular (made up of a single cell) or multicellular (made up of multiple cells). Cells carry out various functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli.

2. Which scientist discovered cells?
Answer: Robert Hooke

Explanation: Robert Hooke was the first scientist to observe and describe cells. In 1665, he observed thin slices of cork under a microscope and noticed small box-like structures, which he called cells.

3. Which part of the cell is responsible for energy production?
Answer: Mitochondria

Explanation: Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. They are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they generate energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through the process of cellular respiration.

4. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Answer: Ribosomes

Explanation: Ribosomes are small, spherical organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for protein synthesis, as they translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences, which form proteins.

5. Which organelle is known as the "control center" of the cell?
Answer: Nucleus

Explanation: The nucleus is often referred to as the "control center" of the cell because it contains the genetic material (DNA) that regulates cellular activities. It controls the synthesis of proteins and directs cell division.

6. Where is genetic material found in prokaryotic cells?
Answer: Nucleoid region

Explanation: Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a true nucleus. Instead, their genetic material is found in a region called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a membrane.

7. Which organelle is responsible for detoxification and metabolism of various substances?
Answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in the detoxification and metabolism of various substances, including drugs, toxins, and lipids. It also plays a role in the synthesis of lipids and steroids.

In conclusion, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, responsible for the structure and function of all living organisms. It is crucial to understand the various organelles and their functions within the cell to comprehend the complexity of life processes.

Answer of 25th question should be option a