Human Development Index (HDI) is a metric used to measure the level of development of a country based on three key factors, including health, education, and income. It was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990 to provide a holistic approach to measure development rather than focusing on economic growth alone.

Variables of Human Development Index

1. Life Expectancy: This variable represents the average number of years that a newborn is expected to live in a country. This is an important indicator of the overall health and well-being of the population.

2. Education: Education is another important factor that contributes to human development. This variable is measured by the average number of years of schooling that a person receives in a country and the expected years of schooling for a child.

3. Income: Income is the third variable that is used to measure the level of development of a country. It is measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, which includes the total income earned by a country's residents divided by the population.

Explanation of Human Development Index

The HDI provides a more comprehensive approach to measuring development by taking into account factors beyond just economic growth. It recognizes that development is not just about increasing income but also about improving the quality of life for people. The HDI is a composite index that combines three different dimensions of development, including health, education, and income.

The HDI is calculated by taking the geometric mean of the normalized indices of each of the three dimensions mentioned above. The values range from 0 to 1, with 1 being the highest possible score. A country with an HDI score of 1 is considered to have achieved a high level of development, while a score of 0 indicates low development.

The HDI is widely used by policymakers, researchers, and international organizations to monitor progress towards development goals and to identify areas for improvement. It provides a useful tool for comparing the level of development across different countries and regions. By taking into account multiple factors that contribute to development, the HDI helps to paint a more accurate picture of a country's overall level of development.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the GDP per capita is higher. The HDI was developed by Indian Economist Amartya Sen and Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq,[1] often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in their life, and was published by the United Nations Development Programme.

variable of human Development index:

1. Life expectancy at birth for health

2. Adult literacy rate.

3. Mean years of schooling for education

4. Gross National Income per capita for the standard of living