How Osmosis Occurs in Plant Cells
Plant cells have a unique structure that allows osmosis to occur despite the presence of cell walls, which are made of dead material.

Cell Membrane
- Plant cells have a semi-permeable membrane called the cell membrane that surrounds the cell contents.
- This membrane regulates the movement of water and solutes in and out of the cell.

Cell Wall
- The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the plant cell.
- Although the cell wall is dead, it has pores that allow water to pass through.

Central Vacuole
- Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores water, nutrients, and waste products.
- The vacuole is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast, which is also semi-permeable.

Osmosis Process
- When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution (lower solute concentration), water molecules move into the cell through osmosis.
- The cell membrane and tonoplast allow water to pass through while regulating the movement of solutes.
- As water enters the cell, the central vacuole expands, creating turgor pressure that helps support the cell structure.

Conclusion
Although the cell wall of plant cells is dead, osmosis can still occur due to the presence of a semi-permeable cell membrane and tonoplast. These structures allow water to move in and out of the cell, helping maintain cell turgidity and overall plant health.

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