Answer: Administrative measures ofAlauddin Khilji: Sultan Alauddin Khaljiestablished a strong central government during his reign in which the Sultan was the head of the administration. ... Alauddin had maintained a huge army. To meet the expenses of such a huge army, he introduced many revenue reforms.

Administration of Alauddin Khalji

Alauddin Khalji, the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty in India, is known for his efficient and centralized administration. Let's delve into the details of his administration and the key aspects that made it distinct.

Centralization of Power and Administration
- Alauddin Khalji centralized power in his own hands, reducing the influence of nobles and establishing a highly centralized administration.
- He appointed loyal and capable officers to key administrative positions, ensuring efficient governance and minimizing corruption.

Revenue Administration
- Alauddin Khalji introduced several reforms to enhance revenue administration.
- The measurement of land and assessment of revenue were carried out by a new department called the Diwan-i-Mustakhraj.
- The state took direct control over agricultural production, fixing prices of goods and commodities, and creating a market regulation system.
- The revenue collection system was strengthened, and strict measures were implemented to prevent embezzlement by officials.

Military Administration
- Alauddin Khalji gave utmost importance to the military administration.
- He maintained a large standing army, known as the "New Garrison System," comprising loyal soldiers who were well-paid and well-trained.
- The army was divided into separate wings, each responsible for specific tasks such as defense, intelligence, and maintaining law and order.
- The army was deployed strategically across the kingdom to ensure prompt response to any security threat.

Judicial Administration
- Alauddin Khalji established a separate department for judicial administration.
- Qazis (judges) were appointed to administer justice impartially and swiftly.
- The legal system was based on Islamic principles, and strict punishment was meted out to criminals.
- He encouraged the use of arbitration and mediation to resolve disputes, reducing the load on the judiciary.

Price Control and Market Regulation
- Alauddin Khalji implemented various measures to control prices and regulate markets.
- He introduced market inspections and fixed the prices of essential commodities to prevent hoarding and black marketing.
- A network of spies was established to gather information about market activities and prevent malpractices.

Public Welfare Measures
- Alauddin Khalji was known for his concern for the welfare of his subjects.
- He introduced several welfare measures, such as free medical treatment for the poor, construction of public wells, and establishment of sarais (rest houses) for travelers.
- He also provided financial assistance to widows and orphans, and scholarships for students.

In conclusion, Alauddin Khalji's administration was characterized by centralization of power, efficient revenue and military administration, a strong judicial system, market regulation, and public welfare measures. His reforms and policies made a significant impact on the governance and stability of the Khalji dynasty.