Stomata are the tiny pores which are present on the lower surface of leaf which helps plants to exchange gases.

Stomata: The Pores for Gas Exchange in Leaves
The stomata are small pores found on the surface of leaves, primarily on the underside of the leaf. These pores play a crucial role in the exchange of gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen during photosynthesis and respiration.

Structure of Stomata:
- Each stoma is surrounded by two specialized cells known as guard cells.
- The guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore through changes in turgor pressure.
- When the guard cells are turgid, the stomata open, allowing for gas exchange. When they are flaccid, the stomata close to prevent water loss.

Function of Stomata:
- Stomata facilitate the uptake of carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis.
- They also allow for the release of oxygen produced during photosynthesis.
- Additionally, stomata help in the regulation of water loss through transpiration.

Importance of Stomatal Regulation:
- The ability of stomata to open and close in response to environmental conditions helps plants adapt to changing factors such as light intensity, temperature, and humidity.
- Proper stomatal regulation is crucial for maintaining plant health and growth.
In conclusion, stomata are the pores through which leaves exchange gases, playing a vital role in the physiological processes of plants. Understanding the structure and function of stomata is essential for comprehending how plants regulate gas exchange and water balance to thrive in their environment.