Pores through which leaves exchange gases:

Stomata:
Stomata are small openings or pores found on the surface of leaves, stems, and other plant organs. They are the primary sites for gas exchange in plants. Each stoma is surrounded by two specialized cells called guard cells, which control the opening and closing of the pore.

Structure of stomata:
Stomata consist of two specialized cells, the guard cells, which surround a pore called the stomatal aperture. The guard cells are bean-shaped and contain chloroplasts. They are capable of changing shape to control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore.

Function of stomata:
Stomata play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis by allowing the exchange of gases, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, between the plant and the surrounding environment. The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by various internal and external factors, including light intensity, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels.

Process of gas exchange through stomata:
1. Opening of stomata: When environmental conditions are favorable, such as during the day, the guard cells take up water through osmosis and become turgid. This causes the stomatal aperture to open, allowing the exchange of gases.

2. Gas exchange: Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata and diffuses into the intercellular spaces of the leaf. Oxygen, a byproduct of photosynthesis, is released from the leaf through the stomata.

3. Closing of stomata: When environmental conditions are unfavorable, such as during the night or under drought conditions, the guard cells lose water through osmosis and become flaccid. This causes the stomatal aperture to close, reducing water loss through transpiration.

Importance of stomata:
Stomata not only facilitate gas exchange but also play a crucial role in regulating water loss through transpiration. By opening and closing the stomatal pores, plants can control the rate of transpiration, which helps prevent excessive water loss and maintain proper hydration.

Conclusion:
Stomata are the pores through which leaves exchange gases, facilitating the process of photosynthesis. These specialized structures play a crucial role in regulating gas exchange and water loss in plants. By understanding the structure and function of stomata, we can appreciate the remarkable adaptations of plants to their environment.

The pores through which leaves exchange gases is Stomata.