When electric current flows through a conductor, the conductor becomes hot

Electric current flowing through a conductor causes the conductor to heat up due to the resistance of the material. This phenomenon is known as Joule heating. Let's break down why the conductor becomes hot when electric current flows through it:

Joule Heating
- When an electric current passes through a conductor, the electrons collide with the atoms in the material, causing them to vibrate.
- This vibration of atoms results in an increase in the temperature of the conductor, causing it to become hot.
- The energy lost due to the collisions is converted into heat energy, leading to an increase in temperature.

Resistance of the Conductor
- The resistance of the material plays a crucial role in determining how hot the conductor will become when current flows through it.
- Materials with higher resistance will heat up more quickly than materials with lower resistance.
- This is why conductors like copper, which have low resistance, are often used in electrical wiring to minimize heat generation.

Effects of High Temperatures
- Excessive heating of a conductor can lead to a variety of issues, including melting of the material, insulation breakdown, and even fire hazards.
- It is essential to ensure that the conductor is appropriately sized and insulated to prevent overheating and ensure the safety and efficiency of the electrical system.

In conclusion, when electric current flows through a conductor, the conductor becomes hot due to the resistance of the material and the conversion of electrical energy into heat energy through Joule heating. It is crucial to understand and manage this heat generation to prevent any potential risks associated with overheating.