Puberty is a significant stage of development in females, marked by various physical, emotional, and psychological changes. These changes are primarily triggered by the release of sex hormones, specifically estrogen and progesterone. Let's explore the effects of sex hormones on different aspects of female development during puberty.

Physical changes:
- Growth spurts: During puberty, girls experience a rapid growth spurt in height. This growth is primarily driven by the action of sex hormones on the growth plates in the long bones, leading to an increase in height.
- Development of secondary sexual characteristics: Sex hormones stimulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as the growth of breasts, widening of hips, and the appearance of pubic hair. These changes prepare the body for reproductive functions.
- Menstruation: The onset of menstruation, also known as menarche, is a significant milestone in female puberty. Sex hormones cause the lining of the uterus to thicken in preparation for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, this lining is shed during menstruation.

Emotional and psychological changes:
- Mood swings: The surge in sex hormones can lead to mood swings, irritability, and emotional sensitivity during puberty. These hormonal changes can affect neurotransmitters in the brain, influencing mood and emotions.
- Development of sexual feelings: As sex hormones increase, girls may experience the development of sexual feelings and an increased interest in romantic relationships.

Reproductive changes:
- Maturation of reproductive organs: Sex hormones cause the maturation of the reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. This prepares the body for potential pregnancy and childbirth.
- Ovulation: During puberty, girls begin to ovulate, which is the release of eggs from the ovaries. This is a crucial aspect of reproductive function and occurs as a result of hormonal changes.
- Fertility: Puberty marks the beginning of a female's reproductive years, indicating that she is capable of becoming pregnant and giving birth.

In summary, the changes that occur in females during puberty are primarily caused by the release of sex hormones. These hormones drive physical, emotional, and reproductive changes, preparing the female body for potential reproduction.