Memory Locations for Storage of Output Point in Direct Form Realization

In direct form realization, a sequence of length M is implemented using a set of difference equations. The output point of the sequence is calculated using these difference equations. The number of memory locations required for storage of the output point depends on the length of the sequence and the order of the difference equations.

The answer to the given question is option 'C', which states that M-1 memory locations are used for storage of the output point in direct form realization.

Explanation

Direct form realization is a type of digital filter implementation technique that uses a set of difference equations to calculate the output point of a sequence. The difference equations are represented in the form of a signal flow graph, where each node represents a multiplication operation and each edge represents a delay operation.

The output point of the sequence is calculated by evaluating the difference equations using the current and previous input points and the previous output point. The previous input and output points are stored in memory locations for use in the next iteration.

In direct form realization, the number of memory locations required for storage of the output point depends on the order of the difference equations. The order of the difference equations is equal to the number of delay operations in the signal flow graph.

For a sequence of length M, the order of the difference equations is M-1. Therefore, M-1 memory locations are required for storage of the output point in direct form realization.

Conclusion

In summary, the number of memory locations required for storage of the output point in direct form realization depends on the order of the difference equations, which is equal to the number of delay operations in the signal flow graph. For a sequence of length M, the order of the difference equations is M-1, and therefore M-1 memory locations are required for storage of the output point.