Explanation:

Climate is the long-term average of weather patterns that have been observed in a particular place. It is the atmospheric condition that prevails over a long period of time, typically at least 30 years. Climate is different from weather, which refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific location.

Factors affecting climate:
- Latitude: The earth's climate varies with the distance from the equator.
- Altitude: The temperature decreases with the increase in altitude.
- Ocean currents: The ocean currents can affect the temperature and humidity of the air above it.
- Wind: The wind is responsible for moving the air masses, which can affect the climate.

Classification of climate:
- Tropical climate: These regions have high temperature and high humidity throughout the year.
- Temperate climate: These regions have moderate temperature and humidity throughout the year.
- Polar climate: These regions have low temperature and low humidity throughout the year.

Climate change:
Climate change refers to the long-term changes in the earth's climate, including changes in temperature, precipitation, and sea level. Climate change can be caused by natural factors like volcanic eruptions and changes in solar radiation, and human activities like deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, climate is the long-term average of weather patterns that have been observed in a particular place. It is different from weather, which refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific location. Climate is affected by various factors like latitude, altitude, ocean currents, and wind. Climate change refers to the long-term changes in the earth's climate, which can be caused by natural factors and human activities.

D) one year