Translation of high-level language into machine language

Explanation:
An object program is a program that has been translated from a high-level programming language into machine language. It is the result of the compilation process, where the source code written in a high-level language is converted into a low-level language, which can be understood and executed by the computer's hardware.

Object Program:
An object program is typically generated by a compiler or an assembler. It consists of a sequence of machine instructions and data that can be directly executed by the computer. The object program is usually stored in a file format that is specific to the target machine or operating system.

Process of Translation:
The translation process involves several stages:

1. Lexical analysis: The source code is divided into tokens, such as keywords, identifiers, operators, and literals.

2. Syntax analysis: The tokens are arranged according to the rules of the programming language's grammar to create a parse tree or syntax tree.

3. Semantic analysis: The compiler checks the correctness of the program's semantics, such as variable declarations, type checking, and function calls.

4. Code generation: The compiler generates the equivalent machine code for each statement in the source code.

5. Optimization: The compiler may apply various optimization techniques to improve the efficiency of the generated code.

6. Linking: If the program consists of multiple source files, the compiler links them together to create a single executable object program.

Advantages of Object Program:
- Object programs are efficient because they are written in the machine language, which is directly understood by the computer's hardware.
- Object programs are portable, as they can be executed on any computer that supports the target machine or operating system.
- Object programs are secure because the source code is not accessible to the end-user, preventing potential code theft or modification.

In conclusion, an object program is the translation of a high-level programming language into machine language. It is the result of the compilation process and consists of machine instructions and data that can be directly executed by the computer.