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In a population that is in Hardy weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a recessive allele for a certain hereditary trait is 0.20. What percentage of the individual in the next generation would be expected to show the dominant trait :-
  • a)
    16%
  • b)
    32%
  • c)
    64%
  • d)
    96%
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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In a population that is in Hardy weinberg equilibrium, the frequency o...
Explanation:

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a concept in population genetics that describes the relationship between allele and genotype frequencies in a population. It states that the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other factors. The equilibrium occurs when the population is large, random mating occurs, there is no migration, mutation, or natural selection.

Given, the frequency of a recessive allele for a certain hereditary trait is 0.20. Let's assume that the dominant allele frequency is 'p' and the recessive allele frequency is 'q'. Then, according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can write:

p + q = 1
where p = frequency of dominant allele
q = frequency of recessive allele

Since q = 0.20, we can substitute the value of q in the above equation:

p + 0.20 = 1
p = 0.80

Now, we need to find the percentage of individuals in the next generation that would be expected to show the dominant trait. Since the dominant allele is expressed in the heterozygous and homozygous dominant individuals, we need to calculate the frequency of these genotypes.

The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals = p^2 = (0.80)^2 = 0.64 = 64%
The frequency of heterozygous individuals = 2pq = 2(0.80)(0.20) = 0.32 = 32%

Therefore, the percentage of individuals in the next generation that would be expected to show the dominant trait = frequency of homozygous dominant + frequency of heterozygous individuals = 64% + 32% = 96%.

Hence, the correct answer is option 'D' (96%).
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Directions:Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlate almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlate 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlate almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlate about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlate about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (natur e) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s developmentis actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.Q. Children’s intelligence is more closely related to their _____________ parents.

Directions:Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlate almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlate 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlate almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlate about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlate about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (natur e) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s developmentis actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.Q. What type of children are studied for this analysis?

In a population that is in Hardy weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a recessive allele for a certain hereditary trait is 0.20. What percentage of the individual in the next generation would be expected to show the dominant trait :-a)16%b)32%c)64%d)96%Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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