Bitumen is a black, highly viscous and sticky substance that is often referred to as asphalt. It is commonly used in road construction and waterproofing applications due to its durability and resistance to weathering. Bitumen is obtained from petroleum, which is a fossil fuel derived from organic materials.

Organic Material:
While option 'A' suggests that bitumen is obtained from organic material, it is not entirely accurate. Organic materials, such as plants and animals, can undergo a process called diagenesis, where they are subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years, transforming them into fossil fuels. However, the specific process of bitumen formation occurs within the petroleum reservoirs.

Petroleum Product:
Option 'C' correctly states that bitumen is obtained from petroleum. Petroleum is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons that is found beneath the Earth's surface. It is formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms that have undergone heat and pressure over millions of years. The process of petroleum formation involves the burial of organic material, such as algae and plankton, which accumulate at the bottom of oceans and lakes. Over time, these organic materials are covered by layers of sediment, which apply pressure and heat to convert them into petroleum.

Refining Process:
To obtain bitumen from petroleum, a refining process is required. This process involves the separation of different components of petroleum based on their boiling points. Bitumen has a high boiling point and is obtained as a residue during the distillation of crude oil. It is the heaviest and thickest fraction of petroleum and is often referred to as the bottom of the barrel.

Uses of Bitumen:
Bitumen is widely used in various industries, particularly in road construction. It is mixed with aggregates to create asphalt concrete, which is used as a binder in the construction of roads, pavements, and airport runways. Bitumen is preferred in road construction due to its excellent adhesive properties, high resistance to deformation under traffic loads, and durability in harsh weather conditions. Additionally, bitumen is used for waterproofing purposes, such as in roofing materials and the construction of dams and reservoirs.

In conclusion, bitumen is obtained from petroleum, which is a petroleum product derived from organic materials. Through a refining process, bitumen is separated from other components of petroleum and is utilized in various applications, primarily in road construction and waterproofing.