Introduction:
The field of geography has evolved significantly over time, with the old concept of geography differing from the new concept in several ways. The old concept of geography primarily focused on the description and study of the physical features of the Earth, while the new concept encompasses a broader and more interdisciplinary approach.

Old Concept of Geography:
1. Description of Physical Features: The old concept of geography revolved around the description and exploration of physical features such as mountains, rivers, and climates. It aimed to understand the Earth's physical environment and its variations.

2. Regional Approach: Geography was often approached regionally, with a focus on delineating and categorizing different regions based on their physical characteristics, such as climate, vegetation, and landforms. These regions were often studied in isolation without considering their interconnectedness.

3. Emphasis on Cartography: Cartography, the art of map-making, played a central role in the old concept of geography. Maps were primarily used to depict physical features and aid in navigation.

4. Limited Scope: The old concept of geography had a limited scope, primarily focusing on physical aspects and neglecting human interactions and societal aspects. It largely ignored the social, economic, and cultural dimensions of geographic phenomena.

New Concept of Geography:
1. Interdisciplinary Approach: The new concept of geography incorporates an interdisciplinary approach, integrating various fields such as sociology, economics, environmental science, and urban planning. It recognizes the interconnections between physical and human phenomena.

2. Human Geography: Human geography has gained prominence in the new concept, focusing on the study of human activities, their spatial patterns, and their impact on the environment. It examines topics such as population distribution, migration, urbanization, and cultural landscapes.

3. Spatial Analysis: Geography now employs spatial analysis techniques to study the distribution patterns, relationships, and processes occurring on the Earth's surface. Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies have become essential tools for analyzing spatial data.

4. Environmental Sustainability: The new concept of geography places a greater emphasis on environmental sustainability and the study of human-environment interactions. It investigates issues such as climate change, resource management, and sustainable development.

5. Global Perspective: The new concept of geography recognizes the importance of a global perspective, understanding the interconnectedness of different regions and the impacts of globalization. It explores topics like international trade, geopolitics, and the diffusion of ideas and cultures.

Conclusion:
The old concept of geography focused on the physical description of the Earth's features, while the new concept takes a more holistic and interdisciplinary approach. It considers both physical and human aspects, employs spatial analysis techniques, and addresses contemporary issues such as environmental sustainability and globalization. The evolution of geography reflects a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between humans and the environment, providing valuable insights into our world.