Three characteristics of Indian Constitution are -

(1) It guards our national interests.
(2) It defines the nature of a country's political system.
(3) It plays a crucial role in democratic societies towards the achievement of desired goals.

Features of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution, adopted on 26th January 1950, is the supreme law of the land and serves as the framework for the governance of India. It is one of the longest and most comprehensive constitutions in the world. Here are three key features of the Indian Constitution:

Federalism:
The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system of government, dividing powers between the central government and the state governments. The concept of federalism ensures a distribution of legislative, executive, and financial powers between the union and the states. This division of powers is enshrined in the Constitution's Seventh Schedule, which contains three lists: the Union List, the State List, and the Concurrent List. The Union List includes subjects on which only the central government has the authority to make laws, such as defense and foreign affairs. The State List includes subjects on which only the state governments can legislate, such as police and public health. The Concurrent List includes subjects on which both the central and state governments can legislate, such as criminal law and bankruptcy. This distribution of powers helps maintain a balance between the central government and the state governments, ensuring that neither entity becomes too dominant.

Secularism:
The Indian Constitution enshrines the principle of secularism, which means that the state does not favor any particular religion and treats all religions equally. This is evident from various provisions in the Constitution. For example, Article 25 guarantees freedom of religion to all individuals, allowing them the freedom to profess, practice, and propagate any religion of their choice. Additionally, Article 15 prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. The Constitution also mandates a secular state by prohibiting the state from promoting or funding any particular religion. The idea of secularism in the Indian Constitution ensures that every citizen has the right to follow and practice their own religion without any discrimination.

Parliamentary System:
The Indian Constitution establishes a parliamentary form of government, where the President of India is the head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is a ceremonial figurehead and performs constitutional duties, while the Prime Minister is the chief executive and exercises real executive power. The Constitution provides for a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The Rajya Sabha represents the states and is indirectly elected, while the Lok Sabha represents the people and is directly elected. The parliamentary system ensures accountability, as the executive is responsible to the legislature and can be removed through a vote of no confidence. This system promotes democratic governance and ensures the voice of the people is represented through elected representatives.

In conclusion, the Indian Constitution exhibits various features that make it unique. Federalism, secularism, and the parliamentary system are fundamental pillars that define the Indian constitutional framework. These features help in maintaining a balance of power, guaranteeing religious freedom, and ensuring democratic governance in the diverse nation of India.