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A recent study of the United States tort system indicates that in 2004, accident, productliability,and other tort costs totaled $260 billion, twice as many as 1990.
  • a)
    twice as many as 1990
  • b)
    twice as much as 1990
  • c)
    twice the amount spent in 1990
  • d)
    a number double those of 1990’s
  • e)
    a number double that of 1990’s
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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A recent study of the United States tort system indicates that in 2004...
The word “many” is used to modify countable items, for example “many apples.” For uncountable things, the modifier “much” should be used, as in “much money.” Here, the quantity word refers to the "tort costs." It would be correct to say that the “costs of x are as much as the costs of y.” It could also be correct to say that “costs of x are as many as the costs of y,” but only if referring to the number of types of costs (e.g. fixed, variable, tax-deductible, etc.), rather than the amount of the expenses. Here, since it is the amount that is compared, “as much as” should
replace “as many as” in the original sentence. Additionally, “tort costs” are illogically compared to the year “1990,” rather than to “tort costs in 1990.”
(A) This choice is incorrect as it repeats the original sentence.
(B) This choice correctly uses “as much as” to compare the amount of the costs. However, the comparison is still incomplete: “tort costs” are illogically compared to the year “1990,” rather than to “tort costs in 1990.”
(C) CORRECT. The phrase “twice the amount spent in 1990” modifies $260 billion, correctly conveying the idea that in 1990 the amount spent was $130 billion.
(D) The plural pronoun “those” cannot refer to the singular “a number,” which is the logical antecedent.
“Those” could refer to “tort costs,” but if that is the case, then a comparison is illogically drawn between $260 billion and tort costs. The logical comparison would be between $260 billion and the amount of the
tort costs in 1990. The construction is wordy and awkward, with the possessive “of 1990’s” having no following noun to clearly possess. (not fully followed)
(E) The construction is wordy and awkward, with the possessive “of 1990’s” having no following noun to clearly possess.
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A recent study of the United States tort system indicates that in 2004...
B) twice as much as 1990
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A recent study of the United States tort system indicates that in 2004, accident, productliability,and other tort costs totaled $260 billion, twice as many as 1990.a)twice as many as 1990b)twice as much as 1990c)twice the amount spent in 1990d)a number double those of 1990’se)a number double that of 1990’sCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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