The revolt of 1857, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 or the First War of Independence, was a significant event in India's history. It was a major uprising against British colonial rule that had various causes, including political factors.

Introduction:
The political causes of the revolt of 1857 can be attributed to several factors that led to widespread dissatisfaction among the Indian population and ultimately fueled the rebellion.

1. Doctrine of Lapse:
The Doctrine of Lapse was a controversial policy introduced by Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India. According to this policy, any Indian state that did not have a male heir could be annexed by the British East India Company. This policy was seen as an infringement on the rights of Indian rulers and threatened the stability of their states.

2. Discontent among the Sepoys:
The Indian soldiers, known as sepoys, played a crucial role in the revolt. They were dissatisfied with various aspects of British rule, including their low pay, lack of promotions, and the introduction of new rifles with cartridges rumored to be greased with animal fat. This rumor triggered religious concerns among Hindu and Muslim sepoys, leading to widespread resentment and anger.

3. Annexation of Oudh:
The annexation of the kingdom of Oudh (Awadh) in 1856 was a significant political cause of the revolt. The British annexed Oudh on the grounds of misrule, but this action angered the nobility and the population of the region. The annexation disrupted the social and economic fabric of Oudh, further fueling anti-British sentiments.

4. British Interference in Indian States:
The British East India Company had a policy of interfering in the internal affairs of Indian states. They often removed and replaced Indian rulers, imposed unfair taxation, and undermined the authority of local leaders. These actions created resentment among the Indian ruling class and contributed to the growing discontent against British rule.

5. Lack of Indian Representation:
The Indian population had no representation in the British administration. The policies and decisions were made by the British officials without considering the interests or opinions of the Indian people. This lack of representation and voice in governance further deepened the divide between the rulers and the ruled.

Conclusion:
The political causes of the revolt of 1857 were rooted in the oppressive policies of the British East India Company, including the Doctrine of Lapse, interference in Indian states, and the annexation of Oudh. These factors, combined with the discontent among the sepoys and the lack of Indian representation, created a fertile ground for the rebellion against British colonial rule. The uprising marked a turning point in India's struggle for independence and had a profound impact on subsequent movements against British imperialism.