The exhibition of various oxidation states by an element is also relat...
(A) is the configuration of transition element which shows variable oxidation state.
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The exhibition of various oxidation states by an element is also relat...
Explanation:
The exhibition of various oxidation states by an element is related to the outer orbital electronic configuration of its atom. The outermost electronic configuration determines the number of valence electrons an atom has, which in turn determines the possible oxidation states an element can exhibit.
The given options are:
a) 3d²4s²
b) 3s¹3s¹
c) 3s²3p³
d) 3d¹4s²
Explanation of options:
a) 3d²4s²: This configuration belongs to the element Chromium (Cr). The outermost electronic configuration of Chromium is 4s²3d². The 4s and 3d orbitals are very close in energy, and electrons can easily move between them. This results in the ability of Chromium to exhibit multiple oxidation states, such as +2, +3, and +6.
b) 3s¹3s¹: This configuration is not possible as it violates the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
c) 3s²3p³: This configuration belongs to the element Phosphorus (P). The outermost electronic configuration of Phosphorus is 3s²3p³. Phosphorus can exhibit multiple oxidation states, such as +3 and -3.
d) 3d¹4s²: This configuration belongs to the element Scandium (Sc). The outermost electronic configuration of Scandium is 4s²3d¹. Scandium exhibits only one oxidation state, +3.
Conclusion:
From the given options, only option a) 3d²4s² corresponds to an atom (Chromium) that can exhibit multiple oxidation states. The ability of Chromium to exhibit different oxidation states is due to the presence of both 4s and 3d electrons in its outermost electronic configuration.
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