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The largest oxidation number exhibited by an element depends on its outer electronic configuration. With which of the following outer electronic configurations the element will exhibit largest oxidation number?
  • a)
    3d34 s2
  • b)
    3d1s2
  • c)
    3d54s2
  • d)
    3d54 s1
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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The largest oxidation number exhibited by an element depends on its ou...
Understanding Oxidation Numbers
The oxidation number of an element is determined by its ability to lose or gain electrons during a chemical reaction. The outer electronic configuration plays a crucial role in determining the highest oxidation state an element can exhibit.
Factors Influencing Oxidation Numbers
- Valence Electrons: The number of valence electrons significantly impacts the oxidation states an element can achieve.
- Subshells Involvement: Elements with partially filled d-subshells can exhibit higher oxidation states due to the involvement of d electrons in bonding.
Analysis of Given Configurations
Let’s analyze the configurations provided:
- a) 3d3 4s2: This configuration has 5 valence electrons (3 from 3d and 2 from 4s), allowing for a maximum oxidation state of +5.
- b) 3d1 4s2: This configuration has 3 valence electrons (1 from 3d and 2 from 4s), allowing for a maximum oxidation state of +3.
- c) 3d5 4s2: This configuration has 7 valence electrons. Elements with a full half-filled d-subshell can achieve higher oxidation states due to the stability provided by the d electrons. Hence, the maximum oxidation state can reach +7.
- d) 3d5 4s1: This configuration has 6 valence electrons (5 from 3d and 1 from 4s), allowing for a maximum oxidation state of +6.
Conclusion
The configuration 3d5 4s2 can exhibit the largest oxidation state of +7 due to the stability and availability of d electrons for bonding. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
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The largest oxidation number exhibited by an element depends on its ou...
Option c
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