A reporting relationship in which an employee receives orders from, and reports to, only one supervisor is known as: (a) Line of authority.

Unity of command refers to a reporting relationship in which an employee receives orders from, and reports to, only one supervisor. In this type of structure, employees have a clear chain of command and a direct line of authority.

The concept of unity of command is an important principle of organizational management. It ensures that each employee has a clear understanding of their responsibilities and who they report to. This helps to prevent confusion and conflicts that can arise when employees receive conflicting orders from multiple supervisors.

Importance of Unity of Command:
Unity of command is important for several reasons:

1. Clear Communication: Having a single supervisor ensures clear and consistent communication. Employees know who to turn to for guidance, instructions, and feedback.

2. Accountability: Unity of command helps to establish accountability within an organization. Employees are responsible for carrying out the instructions and directives of their supervisor, and supervisors are accountable for the performance and actions of their subordinates.

3. Efficiency: With a clear reporting relationship, decisions can be made more efficiently. There is no need for employees to seek approval or guidance from multiple supervisors, which can lead to delays and confusion.

4. Reduced Conflict: When employees have a single supervisor, there is less chance of conflicting orders and directions. This helps to reduce conflicts and promotes a more harmonious work environment.

Example:
For example, in a manufacturing company, a production worker may report to a production supervisor. The production supervisor is responsible for providing instructions, assigning tasks, and overseeing the work of the production worker. The production worker knows that they should follow the instructions and guidance of their supervisor and report any issues or concerns directly to them. This creates a clear line of authority and helps to ensure that the production process runs smoothly.

In conclusion, unity of command is a reporting relationship in which an employee receives orders from, and reports to, only one supervisor. It is an important principle of organizational management as it promotes clear communication, accountability, efficiency, and reduces conflict.