The most commonly used buffer in serial porting is the FIFO (First-In-First-Out) buffer.

FIFO Buffer Overview:
A FIFO buffer is a data structure that follows the First-In-First-Out principle, meaning that the first data item to enter the buffer is the first one to be processed or removed. It acts as an intermediate storage area between the sender and receiver in a serial communication system.

Advantages of FIFO Buffer:
1. Order Preservation: The FIFO buffer ensures that the data is processed in the same order it was received. This is crucial in serial communication as the data needs to be transmitted and received in a sequential manner.

2. Data Integrity: The FIFO buffer helps in maintaining data integrity by preventing data loss or corruption. It allows the sender to transmit data at a faster rate than the receiver can process it, ensuring that no data is lost during the transmission.

3. Flow Control: The FIFO buffer also helps in flow control. It allows the sender to continue transmitting data even if the receiver is not ready to process it. The buffer temporarily holds the excess data until the receiver is ready, preventing data overflow or loss.

Comparison with other buffer types:
a) LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) Buffer: LIFO buffer does not preserve the order of data. In serial communication, preserving the order is crucial, so LIFO buffer is not suitable for serial porting.

b) FILO (First-In-Last-Out) Buffer: FILO buffer is the same as a LIFO buffer, just with a different name. It also does not preserve the order of data, so it is not suitable for serial porting.

c) LILO (Last-In-Last-Out) Buffer: LILO buffer preserves the order of data, but it is not commonly used in serial porting. FIFO buffer is preferred due to its advantages in maintaining data integrity and flow control.

In conclusion, the FIFO buffer is the most commonly used buffer in serial porting due to its ability to preserve the order of data, maintain data integrity, and provide flow control.