A 5 stage pipelined CPU has the following sequence of stages: IF instruction fetch from instruction memory RD Instruction decode and register read EX Execute: ALU operation for data and address computation MA Data memory access for write access, the register read at RD state is used. WB Register write backConsider the following sequence of instructions: I1: L R0, loc 1; R0 = M[loc1] I2: A R0, R0; R0 = R0 +R0 I3: S R2, R0; R2 = R2-R0Let each stage take one clock cycleWhat is the number of clock cycles taken to complete the above sequence of instructions starting from the fetch of ?a)8b)10c)12d)15Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? - EduRev Computer Science Engineering (CSE) Question

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A 5 stage pipelined CPU has the following sequence of stages:

IF – instruction fetch from instruction memory
RD – Instruction decode and register read
EX – Execute: ALU operation for data and address computation
MA – Data memory access – for write access, the register read at RD state is used.
WB – Register write back

Consider the following sequence of instructions:

I₁: L R0, loc 1; R0 <= M[loc1]
I₂: A R0, R0; R0 <= R0 +R0
I₃: S R2, R0; R2 <= R2-R0

Let each stage take one clock cycle
What is the number of clock cycles taken to complete the above sequence of instructions starting from the fetch of ?

a)
8
b)
10
c)
12
d)
15

Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

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A 5 stage pipelined CPU has the following sequence of stages: IF ̵...

answer = option A
8 cycles required with operand forwarding.

it is not given that RD and WB stage could overlap.

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A 5 stage pipelined CPU has the following sequence of stages: IF ̵...

Given Information:
- A 5-stage pipelined CPU with the following stages: IF, RD, EX, MA, WB.
- Each stage takes one clock cycle.
- The sequence of instructions to be executed: I1, I2, I3.

Explanation:
To determine the number of clock cycles taken to complete the sequence of instructions, we need to analyze each stage and identify any potential hazards or stalls in the pipeline.

Instruction 1 (I1):
- IF: Instruction fetch from instruction memory.
- RD: Instruction decode and register read.
- EX: Execute ALU operation for data and address computation.
- MA: Data memory access.
- WB: Register write back.

Instruction 2 (I2):
- IF: Instruction fetch from instruction memory (pipelined with I1's RD stage).
- RD: Instruction decode and register read (pipelined with I1's EX stage).
- EX: Execute ALU operation for data and address computation (pipelined with I1's MA stage).
- MA: Data memory access (pipelined with I1's WB stage).
- WB: Register write back.

Instruction 3 (I3):
- IF: Instruction fetch from instruction memory (pipelined with I2's RD stage).
- RD: Instruction decode and register read (pipelined with I2's EX stage).
- EX: Execute ALU operation for data and address computation (pipelined with I2's MA stage).
- MA: Data memory access (pipelined with I2's WB stage).
- WB: Register write back.

Analysis:
- The first instruction (I1) completes in 5 clock cycles (IF, RD, EX, MA, WB).
- The second instruction (I2) starts in the second clock cycle and completes in 5 more clock cycles.
- The third instruction (I3) starts in the third clock cycle and completes in 5 more clock cycles.

Total Clock Cycles:
Since each instruction takes 5 clock cycles, the total number of clock cycles required to complete the sequence of instructions is 5 + 5 + 5 = 15.

Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 8 clock cycles.

Answered by Gate Gurus · View profile

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A 5 stage pipelined CPU has the following sequence of stages: IF – instruction fetch from instruction memory RD – Instruction decode and register read EX – Execute: ALU operation for data and address computation MA – Data memory access – for write access, the register read at RD state is used. WB – Register write backConsider the following sequence of instructions: I1: L R0, loc 1; R0 <= M[loc1] I2: A R0, R0; R0 <= R0 +R0 I3: S R2, R0; R2 <= R2-R0Let each stage take one clock cycleWhat is the number of clock cycles taken to complete the above sequence of instructions starting from the fetch of ?a)8b)10c)12d)15Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

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