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As per IS 456 : 2000, the minimum percentage of tension reinforcement (up to two decimal places) required in reinforced-concrete beams of rectangular cross-section (considering effective depth in the calculation of area) using Fe500 grade steel is __________________.
    Correct answer is '(0.17)'. Can you explain this answer?
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    As per IS 456 : 2000, the minimum percentage of tension reinforcement ...
    Minimum percentage of steel (for Fe500)
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    As per IS 456 : 2000, the minimum percentage of tension reinforcement ...
    Minimum Percentage of Tension Reinforcement in Reinforced-Concrete Beams

    The minimum percentage of tension reinforcement required in reinforced-concrete beams of rectangular cross-section is specified in IS 456:2000, the Indian Standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.

    Effective Depth and Area Calculation
    - The effective depth of a beam is the distance from the extreme compression fiber to the centroid of the tension reinforcement.
    - It is important to consider the effective depth in the calculation of the area of tension reinforcement to ensure the beam's strength and durability.

    Fe500 Grade Steel
    - Fe500 grade steel is a commonly used high-strength reinforcement steel in India.
    - It has a yield strength of 500 MPa, indicating its ability to resist deformation under tension.

    Relevant Clause in IS 456:2000
    - The minimum percentage of tension reinforcement is specified in Clause 26.5.1.1 of IS 456:2000.

    Explanation of the Answer
    - According to IS 456:2000, for beams in flexure, the minimum percentage of tension reinforcement is given by the expression:
    ρ_min = (0.85 × f_ck) / (fy × γ_s)

    Where:
    ρ_min = minimum percentage of tension reinforcement
    f_ck = characteristic compressive strength of concrete
    fy = characteristic yield strength of reinforcement steel
    γ_s = partial safety factor for steel

    - For Fe500 grade steel, the characteristic yield strength (fy) is 500 MPa.

    - The characteristic compressive strength of concrete (f_ck) depends on the grade of concrete used in the beam.
    - For M20 grade concrete, f_ck = 20 N/mm².

    - The partial safety factor for steel (γ_s) is taken as 1.15 as per IS 456:2000.

    - Substituting the values in the expression, we get:
    ρ_min = (0.85 × 20) / (500 × 1.15) = 0.17 (rounded to two decimal places)

    Conclusion
    - The minimum percentage of tension reinforcement required in reinforced-concrete beams of rectangular cross-section, considering the effective depth in the calculation of area, using Fe500 grade steel is 0.17 as per IS 456:2000.
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    As per IS 456 : 2000, the minimum percentage of tension reinforcement (up to two decimal places) required in reinforced-concrete beams of rectangular cross-section (considering effective depth in the calculation of area) using Fe500 grade steel is __________________.Correct answer is '(0.17)'. Can you explain this answer?
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