Comprehension TypeDirection (Q. Nos. 15-17) This section contains a paragraph, describing theory, experiments, data, etc. Three questions related to the paragraph have been given. Each question has only one correct answer among the four given options (a), (b), (c) and (d).PassageHofmanns bromamide degradation is used to convert a primary amide into primary amine. The proposed mechanism of reaction are :Q.Which is the most important intermediate formed in the slow, rate determining step?a)RCONHBrb)c)d)Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Comprehension Type

Direction (Q. Nos. 15-17) This section contains a paragraph, describing theory, experiments, data, etc. Three questions related to the paragraph have been given. Each question has only one correct answer among the four given options (a), (b), (c) and (d).

Passage

Hofmann’s bromamide degradation is used to convert a primary amide into primary amine. The proposed mechanism of reaction are :

Which is the most important intermediate formed in the slow, rate determining step?

a)
RCONHBr
b)
c)
d)

Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Comprehension TypeDirection (Q. Nos. 15-17) This section contains a paragraph, describing theory, experiments, data, etc. Three questions related to the paragraph have been given. Each question has only one correct answer among the four given options (

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Passage IIWhen compound 1 is heated with C2H5ONa compound 2 and 3 are formed:Two mechanisms were proposed for reaction I.Mechanism A HBr is eliminated from compound 1 to form a symmetrical vinyl carbene intermediate A, which then rearranges to compound 2.Mechanism B Ethoxide ion first abstract a proton to form a carbanion intermediate B which then rearranges with loss of bromide ion to form compound 2To distinguish between the two machanisms, an isotopic labeling experiment was designed. Two compounds (Compound 4 and 5) were labelled with C-14 and each was treated separately with sodium ethoxide under identical experimental condition where following results were obtained.Q.Based on the results of scheme 1, the chemist most likely ruled out mechanism A because they assumed that intermediate A should have formed

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Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:In one of his experiments on interference, August Jean Fresnel used a biprism to induce interference between two beams. He split a diverging beam of light into two parts by using the biprism to refract them. This resulted in two split beams which acted as if they were from two coherent sources and which therefore interfered with each other.A Fresnel Biprism is a thin double prism placed base to base and have very small refracting angle ( 0.5°). This is equivalent to a single prism with one of its angle nearly 179° and other two of 0.5° each.In Young’s double Slits experiment, a single source is split in two coherent sources. For the Young’s slits experiment, we must approximate that the slits act as point sources. This however is not the case, since the slits have finite width. In this way, it gives rise to unwanted diffraction effects that causes errors.The Fresnel biprism experiment overcomes this problem.A Fresnel biprism is a variation of Young’s Slits experiment. When monochromatic light through a narrow slit falls on biprism that divides it into two components. One of these component is refracted from upper portion of biprism and the other one refracted through lower portion. Two virtual coherent sources formed from the original source. In this case, two virtual coherent sources are point sources and replace slits in Young’s experiment.Q. Base angles of Fresnel biprism are

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Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:In one of his experiments on interference, August Jean Fresnel used a biprism to induce interference between two beams. He split a diverging beam of light into two parts by using the biprism to refract them. This resulted in two split beams which acted as if they were from two coherent sources and which therefore interfered with each other.A Fresnel Biprism is a thin double prism placed base to base and have very small refracting angle ( 0.5°). This is equivalent to a single prism with one of its angle nearly 179° and other two of 0.5° each.In Young’s double Slits experiment, a single source is split in two coherent sources. For the Young’s slits experiment, we must approximate that the slits act as point sources. This however is not the case, since the slits have finite width. In this way, it gives rise to unwanted diffraction effects that causes errors.The Fresnel biprism experiment overcomes this problem.A Fresnel biprism is a variation of Young’s Slits experiment. When monochromatic light through a narrow slit falls on biprism that divides it into two components. One of these component is refracted from upper portion of biprism and the other one refracted through lower portion. Two virtual coherent sources formed from the original source. In this case, two virtual coherent sources are point sources and replace slits in Young’s experiment.Q. Which problem of Young’s double slit experiment is overcome by Fresnel biprism?

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Comprehension TypeDirection (Q. Nos. 15-17) This section contains a paragraph, describing theory, experiments, data, etc. Three questions related to the paragraph have been given. Each question has only one correct answer among the four given options (a), (b), (c) and (d).PassageHofmann’s bromamide degradation is used to convert a primary amide into primary amine. The proposed mechanism of reaction are :Q.Which is the most important intermediate formed in the slow, rate determining step?a)RCONHBrb)c)d)Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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