Chapter 2: Methods of Enquiry in Psychology
Introduction
Methods of enquiry are essential in understanding human behaviour and mental processes. In psychology, researchers use various methods to gather information and test theories. This chapter discusses the different methods of enquiry used in psychology.
Observation Method
The observation method involves watching and recording individuals' behaviour in natural settings, such as homes, schools, and workplaces. It is useful in studying behaviour that cannot be manipulated, such as social behaviour.
Case Study Method
The case study method involves studying an individual or a small group of individuals in-depth over a period. It is useful in studying rare or unusual behaviours or when ethical considerations limit experimentation.
Survey Method
The survey method involves collecting data from a large group of individuals through questionnaires or interviews. It is useful in studying attitudes, beliefs, and opinions.
Experimental Method
The experimental method involves manipulating variables and measuring the effect on behaviour. It is useful in establishing cause and effect relationships.
Correlational Method
The correlational method involves measuring the relationship between variables. It is useful in predicting behaviour but does not establish cause and effect relationships.
Conclusion
Each method of enquiry has its strengths and limitations. Researchers choose the method that best suits their research question and ethical considerations.