Causes of Itai Itai disease

Itai Itai disease is a painful bone disease caused by long-term exposure to cadmium. Cadmium is a heavy metal that is commonly used in industrial processes such as electroplating, battery manufacturing, and the production of pigments and plastics. Here are some of the ways that cadmium can cause Itai Itai disease:

1. Cadmium accumulation in the body

When cadmium is ingested through contaminated food, water, or air, it accumulates in the body over time. Cadmium has a long half-life, meaning it takes a long time for the body to eliminate it. As cadmium accumulates, it can cause damage to the kidneys, liver, and other organs, leading to a range of health problems.

2. Bone demineralization

One of the key features of Itai Itai disease is bone demineralization, or the loss of calcium and other minerals from the bones. Cadmium interferes with the body's ability to absorb and use calcium, which can lead to weak, brittle bones that are prone to fractures. The pain associated with Itai Itai disease is often caused by fractures in the spine and other bones.

3. Interference with vitamin D metabolism

Cadmium can also interfere with the body's ability to produce and use vitamin D, which is essential for bone health. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium from the diet and use it to build strong bones. When cadmium interferes with vitamin D metabolism, it can exacerbate the effects of bone demineralization and increase the risk of fractures.

In conclusion, Itai Itai disease is caused by long-term exposure to cadmium, a heavy metal that accumulates in the body and interferes with bone health. The disease is characterized by bone demineralization, fractures, and chronic pain.