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Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology.  Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease.  Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies.  Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups.  Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system.  These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life.  This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.
Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?
  • a)
    To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.
  • b)
    To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.
  • c)
    To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.
  • d)
    To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.
  • e)
    To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind ...
Passage Analysis
Summary and Main Point
Pre-Thinking
This is a detail based Function question. Go back to the relevant portion of the passage and read the relevant section alongwith the section right above and below it. Just above this section the author lists the findings of the study, which showed that samples from both healthy and disease afflicted group showed the presence of the virus. In the cited sentence, the author talks about how it is not uncommon to store dormant reservoir of viruses. As explained in the passage analysis, this refers back to the samples of the healthy people that too showed the presence of the virus. This gives us enough clue to establish that the author is making a statement to explain the previously mentioned findings.
Answer Choices
A
To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.
Incorrect: Irrelevant
The author is not concerned with all kinds of infections through the nasal passage.
B
To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.
Incorrect: Irrelevant
The comparison regarding the probability of developing the disease is neither discussed nor indicated.
C
To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.
Incorrect: Irrelevant
Again, no such comparison is made between the HHV-6 virus and other viruses.
D
To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.
Correct
This answer matches our pre-thought answer and as observed then, it correctly encapsulates the reason the author make the cited statement.
E
To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.
Incorrect: Irrelevant
No such likelihood is discussed anywhere in the passage.
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Globally, about a third of the food produced for human consumption goes to waste, implying that a third of the water, land use, energy and financial resources that go into producing it are also squandered. Yet people often think of food as environmentally benign because it is biodegradable, while label food packaging as a wasteful use of resources leading to nothing but more pollution, despite the reality that the energy that goes into packaging makes up a mere 10% of the total energy that goes into producing, transporting, storing and preparing food. Needless to say, their view ignores the negative impact of food production, supply, and consumption, and the benefits possible from the right kind of food packaging.Indeed the dislike for food packaging is not all baseless. There is a lot of bad and wasteful packaging out there. But any assessment of its impact on the environment must take into account the benefits one can derive from packaging in the shape of reduced food waste that can be realized by protecting and dispensing food properly. For instance, two percent of the milk produced in the US goes bad on supermarket shelves before it can be purchased. This dairy waste can be avoided with packaging technology such as Tetra Pak that saves milk from spoiling, even without refrigeration. However, environmentally aware consumers tend to dislike Tetra Pak material because they think it cannot be recycled. The truth, however, is that it can be recycled, but the process is rather complicated. Irrespective of the recycling aspect, Tetra Pak is a good environmental bet because it can extend the shelf life of milk up to nine months, reducing the need for refrigeration and reducing the amount of milk that goes bad on retail shelves. Clearly, the environmental benefit of the food-protection technology outweighs the negative impact of the packaging itself.Which of the following statement can be derived from the passage?

Globally, about a third of the food produced for human consumption goes to waste, implying that a third of the water, land use, energy and financial resources that go into producing it are also squandered. Yet people often think of food as environmentally benign because it is biodegradable, while label food packaging as a wasteful use of resources leading to nothing but more pollution, despite the reality that the energy that goes into packaging makes up a mere 10% of the total energy that goes into producing, transporting, storing and preparing food. Needless to say, their view ignores the negative impact of food production, supply, and consumption, and the benefits possible from the right kind of food packaging.Indeed the dislike for food packaging is not all baseless. There is a lot of bad and wasteful packaging out there. But any assessment of its impact on the environment must take into account the benefits one can derive from packaging in the shape of reduced food waste that can be realized by protecting and dispensing food properly. For instance, two percent of the milk produced in the US goes bad on supermarket shelves before it can be purchased. This dairy waste can be avoided with packaging technology such as Tetra Pak that saves milk from spoiling, even without refrigeration. However, environmentally aware consumers tend to dislike Tetra Pak material because they think it cannot be recycled. The truth, however, is that it can be recycled, but the process is rather complicated. Irrespective of the recycling aspect, Tetra Pak is a good environmental bet because it can extend the shelf life of milk up to nine months, reducing the need for refrigeration and reducing the amount of milk that goes bad on retail shelves. Clearly, the environmental benefit of the food-protection technology outweighs the negative impact of the packaging itself.Which of the following is the function of the first paragraph in the passage?

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Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for GMAT 2024 is part of GMAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the GMAT exam syllabus. Information about Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for GMAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for GMAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for GMAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Neurodegenerative diseases were once considered disorders of the mind that were deeply rooted in psychology. Now viruses rank among the environmental factors thought to trigger brain-ravaging diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzeimer’s disease. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), in particular, has been linked to MS in past studies. Neuroscientists have determined that the virus makes its entry to the human brain through the olfactory pathway, right along with the odors wafting into our nose. The researchers tested samples of brain cells from people with MS and healthy control subjects and found evidence of the virus in the olfactory bulb in both groups. Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common, as is harboring a dormant reservoir of HHV-6, but in people with MS, the virus is active. The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell-sensing neurons and guide the virus from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system. These targets include the limbic system, a group of evolutionarily old structures deep in the brain, which is where viruses like to reactivate. The olfactory neurons and their OECs are among the few brain cells known to regenerate throughout our life. This neurogenesis may keep our sense of smell sharp, but at the cost of providing the virus the opportunity to spread.Why does the author say “Infection via the nasal passage is probably quite common…”?a)To indicate that it is extremely difficult to stop infection through the nasal passage.b)To prove that there is a greater likelihood of multiple sclerosis in people who have active strains of virus rather than those who do not.c)To illustrate that HHV-6 infects in the same manner as most other viruses do.d)To explain the finding that the samples of both the mentioned groups showed the presence of HHV-6.e)To indicate that there is a chance that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis may increase in the future if the strains of HHV-6 are activated.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice GMAT tests.
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