Definition of Tsunami
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by a sudden displacement of water, usually as a result of an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption.

Causes of Tsunamis
Tsunamis are commonly triggered by underwater earthquakes where the sea floor abruptly rises or falls, displacing the water above it. Other causes include volcanic eruptions, landslides, or even meteorite impacts.

Characteristics of Tsunamis
- Tsunamis can travel at speeds of up to 500 miles per hour in the open ocean but slow down as they reach shallow waters near the coast.
- They can have wavelengths ranging from 100 to 300 miles and heights of only a few feet in the open ocean but can grow to over 100 feet as they approach the shore.

Effects of Tsunamis
- Tsunamis can cause devastating damage to coastal areas, including flooding, destruction of buildings, and loss of life.
- They can also result in long-lasting environmental impacts, such as contamination of water sources and destruction of ecosystems.

Prevention and Preparedness
- Early warning systems have been put in place in many coastal regions to alert residents of an impending tsunami.
- Education and awareness campaigns help communities prepare for tsunamis by practicing evacuation drills and developing emergency response plans.
In conclusion, a tsunami is a natural disaster that can have catastrophic consequences for coastal communities. Understanding the causes, characteristics, and effects of tsunamis is crucial for prevention and preparedness efforts.