File Extension Loaded in a Microcontroller for Executing Instructions

Microcontrollers are small, self-contained computer systems that are used in a wide range of applications, from household appliances to industrial machinery. These devices require a program or set of instructions to operate, and these instructions are typically stored in a specific file format that can be loaded into the microcontroller's memory. The correct file extension for such a file is .hex.

Explanation:
A file with the .hex extension is a hexadecimal file format commonly used for storing machine code or executable code that can be directly executed by a microcontroller. This file format is generated by a compiler or an assembler, which converts the source code written in a high-level programming language or assembly language into machine code.

Reasons for using the .hex file extension:
There are several reasons why the .hex file extension is commonly used for microcontroller applications:

1. Compact Representation: The .hex file format represents machine code in a compact and easily readable format. Each line of the file contains a hexadecimal address and the corresponding machine code instructions.

2. Memory Efficiency: The .hex file format is designed to efficiently utilize the limited memory resources of a microcontroller. It eliminates unnecessary data and only includes the essential machine code instructions.

3. Easy Loading: The .hex file format allows for easy loading of machine code into the microcontroller's memory. Microcontroller programming tools and software can directly read and write .hex files, making the process of flashing the microcontroller with the program straightforward.

4. Compatibility: The .hex file format is widely supported by microcontroller manufacturers and development tools. It ensures compatibility across different microcontroller architectures and programming environments.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the file extension that is loaded in a microcontroller for executing any instruction is .hex. This file format contains the machine code instructions in a compact and efficient manner, allowing for easy loading and execution on the microcontroller.