The formal inauguration ceremony was performed on 16th April 1853, when 14 railway carriages carrying about 400 guests left Bori Bunder at 3.30 pm "amidst the loud applause of a vast multitude and to the salute of 21 guns."

Introduction of Railways in India
The introduction of railways in India marked a significant milestone in the country's transportation history. It was a transformative development that played a crucial role in shaping India's economy and infrastructure.

Year of Introduction
- The correct answer is **1853**.
- The first passenger train ran on April 16, 1853, from Bombay (now Mumbai) to Thane, covering a distance of 34 kilometers.

Significance of Railways
- **Economic Development**: Railways facilitated the movement of goods and raw materials, boosting trade and commerce.
- **Integration of Regions**: It connected various regions of India, promoting unity and mobility.
- **Employment Opportunities**: The construction and operation of railways created numerous job opportunities for Indians.

Colonial Influence
- The railway system was primarily developed by the British colonial government.
- It served their interests by enhancing resource extraction and control over vast territories.

Legacy of Railways
- Over the years, the railway network has expanded significantly, making it one of the largest railway systems in the world.
- Today, Indian Railways plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of the country, carrying millions of passengers and goods daily.

Conclusion
The introduction of railways in India in 1853 was not just a technological advancement but also a catalyst for economic growth and social change, laying the groundwork for modern transportation in the country.