Introduction:
Political institutions play a crucial role in governing a society and ensuring the well-being of its citizens. These institutions serve as the framework within which political decisions are made and implemented. They provide mechanisms for political participation, representation, and accountability. The need for political institutions arises from several key reasons.

1. Maintaining Order and Stability:
Political institutions help maintain law and order within a society. They establish and enforce rules and regulations that govern the behavior of individuals and groups. These institutions, such as the police and the judiciary, ensure that laws are upheld and justice is served. Without political institutions, there would be chaos and anarchy, leading to the breakdown of social order.

2. Protecting Individual Rights:
Political institutions play a crucial role in safeguarding the rights and freedoms of individuals. They establish mechanisms to protect citizens from abuses of power and ensure that their fundamental rights, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, are upheld. Institutions like legislatures, courts, and human rights commissions provide avenues for individuals to seek justice and redress grievances.

3. Promoting Economic Development:
Political institutions are essential for promoting economic development and prosperity. They create a conducive environment for businesses to thrive by establishing and enforcing property rights, contract laws, and regulations. Institutions such as central banks and finance ministries regulate the economy, manage fiscal policies, and promote sustainable growth. Political stability and institutional integrity are crucial for attracting investments and fostering economic development.

4. Ensuring Representation and Participation:
Political institutions provide channels for citizens to participate in the political process and have their voices heard. Through elections, political parties, and representative bodies like parliaments, citizens can choose their leaders, express their preferences, and influence policy decisions. These institutions ensure that power is distributed and exercised in a manner that reflects the will of the people and protects minority rights.

5. Facilitating Conflict Resolution:
Political institutions provide mechanisms for resolving conflicts and managing competing interests within a society. They establish forums for dialogue, negotiation, and compromise, which help prevent the escalation of tensions and violence. Institutions like courts, mediation bodies, and ombudsmen play a crucial role in resolving disputes and maintaining social harmony.

Conclusion:
Political institutions are essential for the functioning of any society. They provide the necessary infrastructure for maintaining order, protecting individual rights, promoting economic development, ensuring representation, and facilitating conflict resolution. These institutions are crucial in upholding the principles of democracy, justice, and equality, and fostering the well-being and progress of a nation.

1)The government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing facilities for education and health to all.

2) It collects taxes and spends the money thus raised on administration, defence and development programmes.

3) It formulates and implements several welfare schemes.