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The layer of the atmosphere which provides ideal flying conditions for large jet aeroplanes is
  • a)
    Ionosphere
  • b)
    Exosphere
  • c)
    Troposphere
  • d)
    Stratosphere
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
The layer of the atmosphere which provides ideal flying conditions for...
Stratosphere extend from the tropopause to a height of about 48 km. Because no weather occurs in the stratosphere, flying conditions are excellent.
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Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.Atmospheric jet streams were discovered towards the end of World War II by U.S. bomber pilots over Japan and by German reconnaissance aircraft over the Mediterranean. The World Meteorological Organisation defines a jet stream as a strong, narrow air current that is concentrated along a nearly horizontal axis in the upper troposphere or stratosphere (10 to 50 km altitud e), characterised by wind motions that produce strong vertical lateral shearing action and featuring one of more velocity maximum. Normally, a jet stream is thousands of kilometers long, hundreds of kilometers wide and several kilometres thick. The vertical wind shear is of the order of 5 to 10 m/sec per kilometre, and the lateral shear is of the order of 5 m/sec per 100 km. An arbitrary lower limit of 30 m/sec is assigned to the speed of the wind along the axis of a jet stream.With abundant radio-sonic data now available over the Northern Hemisphere, it is possible to map the jet streams in the upper troposphere (near 10 to 12 km) in their daily occurrence and variation and to forecast them reasonably well with numerical prediction techniques. Upper-air information from the Southern Hemisphere is still sparse. Constant-level balloons (the so-called GHOST balloons) and satellite information on temperature structure and characteristic cloud formations in the atmosphere are serving to close the data on the global jet stream distribution.The strongest winds known in jet streams have been encountered over Japan, where speeds up to 500 km/hr (close to 300 knots) occur. A persistent band of strong winds occurs during the winter season over this region, flowing from the southwest and leading tropical air northern India into juxtaposition with polar and arctic air from Siberia. A similar region of confluence of air masses with vastly different temperatures exists over the central and eastern United States, leading to a maximum frequency of occurrence of jet streams during winter and spring.The main impact on weather and climate comes from two distinct jet stream system: the polar-Front Jet Stream, which is associated with the air mass contrasts (the fronts) of middle latitudes and which gives rise to the formation of squalls, storms, and cyclones in this latitude belt; and the Subtropical Jet Stream, which lies over the subtropical high-pressure belt, and which is characterized by predominant subsidence motions and, hence, by fair weather. During summer, a belt of strong easterly winds is found over Southeast Asia, India, the Arabian Sea, and tropical Africa, this tropical, easterly jet streams is tied in with the weather disturbances of the Indian and African summer monsoons and their heavy rainfalls.Because of their strong winds, jet streams play an important role in the economy of air traffic. Head winds must be outlasted by extra fuel, which takes up useful cargo space. Clear air turbulence (CAT) is often associated with the strong vertical wind shears found in the jet stream region. It is a hazard to passenger and crew safety, and, because of the increased stresses on the air frame, it decreases the useful life of the aircraft.

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.Atmospheric jet streams were discovered towards the end of World War II by U.S. bomber pilots over Japan and by German reconnaissance aircraft over the Mediterranean. The World Meteorological Organisation defines a jet stream as a strong, narrow air current that is concentrated along a nearly horizontal axis in the upper troposphere or stratosphere (10 to 50 km altitud e), characterised by wind motions that produce strong vertical lateral shearing action and featuring one of more velocity maximum. Normally, a jet stream is thousands of kilometers long, hundreds of kilometers wide and several kilometres thick. The vertical wind shear is of the order of 5 to 10 m/sec per kilometre, and the lateral shear is of the order of 5 m/sec per 100 km. An arbitrary lower limit of 30 m/sec is assigned to the speed of the wind along the axis of a jet stream.With abundant radio-sonic data now available over the Northern Hemisphere, it is possible to map the jet streams in the upper troposphere (near 10 to 12 km) in their daily occurrence and variation and to forecast them reasonably well with numerical prediction techniques. Upper-air information from the Southern Hemisphere is still sparse. Constant-level balloons (the so-called GHOST balloons) and satellite information on temperature structure and characteristic cloud formations in the atmosphere are serving to close the data on the global jet stream distribution.The strongest winds known in jet streams have been encountered over Japan, where speeds up to 500 km/hr (close to 300 knots) occur. A persistent band of strong winds occurs during the winter season over this region, flowing from the southwest and leading tropical air northern India into juxtaposition with polar and arctic air from Siberia. A similar region of confluence of air masses with vastly different temperatures exists over the central and eastern United States, leading to a maximum frequency of occurrence of jet streams during winter and spring.The main impact on weather and climate comes from two distinct jet stream system: the polar-Front Jet Stream, which is associated with the air mass contrasts (the fronts) of middle latitudes and which gives rise to the formation of squalls, storms, and cyclones in this latitude belt; and the Subtropical Jet Stream, which lies over the subtropical high-pressure belt, and which is characterized by predominant subsidence motions and, hence, by fair weather. During summer, a belt of strong easterly winds is found over Southeast Asia, India, the Arabian Sea, and tropical Africa, this tropical, easterly jet streams is tied in with the weather disturbances of the Indian and African summer monsoons and their heavy rainfalls.Because of their strong winds, jet streams play an important role in the economy of air traffic. Head winds must be outlasted by extra fuel, which takes up useful cargo space. Clear air turbulence (CAT) is often associated with the strong vertical wind shears found in the jet stream region. It is a hazard to passenger and crew safety, and, because of the increased stresses on the air frame, it decreases the useful life of the aircraft.

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage.Atmospheric jet streams were discovered towards the end of World War II by U.S. bomber pilots over Japan and by German reconnaissance aircraft over the Mediterranean. The World Meteorological Organisation defines a jet stream as a strong, narrow air current that is concentrated along a nearly horizontal axis in the upper troposphere or stratosphere (10 to 50 km altitud e), characterised by wind motions that produce strong vertical lateral shearing action and featuring one of more velocity maximum. Normally, a jet stream is thousands of kilometres long, hundreds of kilometres wide and several kilometres thick. The vertical wind shear is of the order of 5 to 10 m/sec per kilometre, and the lateral shear is of the order of 5 m/sec per 100 km. An arbitrary lower limit of 30 m/sec is assigned to the speed of the wind along the axis of a jet stream.With abundant radio-sonic data now available over the Northern Hemisphere, it is possible to map the jet streams in the upper troposphere (near 10 to 12 km) in their daily occurrence and variation and to forecast them reasonably well with numerical prediction techniques. Upper-air information from the Southern Hemisphere is still sparse. Constant-level balloons (the so-called GHOST balloons) and satellite information on temperature structure and characteristic cloud formations in the atmosphere are serving to close the data on the global jet stream distribution.The strongest winds known in jet streams have been encountered over Japan, where speeds up to 500 km/hr (close to 300 knots) occur. A persistent band of strong winds occurs during the winter season over this region, flowing from the southwest and leading tropical air northern India into juxtaposition with polar and arctic air from Siberia. A similar region of confluence of air masses with vastly different temperatures exists over the central and eastern United States, leading to a maximum frequency of occurrence of jet streams during winter and spring.The main impact on weather and climate comes from two distinct jet stream system: the polar-Front Jet Stream, which is associated with the air mass contrasts (the fronts) of middle latitudes and which gives rise to the formation of squalls, storms, and cyclones in this latitude belt; and the Subtropical Jet Stream, which lies over the subtropical high-pressure belt, and which is characterized by predominant subsidence motions and, hence, by fair weather. During summer, a belt of strong easterly winds is found over Southeast Asia, India, the Arabian Sea, and tropical Africa, this tropical, easterly jet streams is tied in with the weather disturbances of the Indian and African summer monsoons and their heavy rainfalls.Because of their strong winds, jet streams play an important role in the economy of air traffic. Head winds must be outlasted by extra fuel, which takes up useful cargo space. Clear air turbulence (CAT) is often associated with the strong vertical wind shears found in the jet stream region. It is a hazard to passenger and crew safety, and, because of the increased stresses on the air frame, it decreases the useful life of the aircraft.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.Venus, the hottest planet in the solar system, has not enjoyed as much recent attention as Mars, as far as space missions are concerned. With surface temperatures of above 60°60° Celsius that can melt even a metal like lead, and a heavy atmosphere of carbon dioxide, the planet was considered hostile to life. This despite its being similar in size to the Earth and rocky, so much so that it is often called the Earth's "sister planet". There was some excitement when the European Space Agency's mission, Venus Express, found signs of ozone, made of three oxygen atoms and considered a biomarker, in the upper atmosphere of Venus, in 2011 . But the recent discovery of traces of phosphine, another, biomarker, in its atmosphere has just given the search for extraterrestrial life a shot in the arm. Phosphine, a compound of one phosphorous atom and three hydrogen atoms, is given out by some microbes during biochemical processes. In an atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide, it is likely to get destroyed soon. However, the researchers estimate that phosphine forms about 20 parts per billion of Venus's atmosphere. This fact, when added to the hostile conditions on its surface, yields tantalising possibilities - of phosphine's survival through extraordinary chemistry and thermodynamics or the stubborn triumph of biology and life.This finding was the result of years of careful study by a team of international astronomers led by Jane S. Greaves of Cardiff University and was announced in a paper published in Nature Astronomy. Prof. Greaves first identified phosphine in Venus's atmosphere in 2017, using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii. Further study and precise observations using the Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array facility in Chile confirmed the suspicions of the researchers in 2019. The very caution exercised by the researchers in announcing the fact underlines the lack of knowledge about these systems and the need to make sure before celebrating the discovery of extra-terrestrial life.Q. "This fact, when added to the hostile conditions on its surface, yields tantalising possibilities"Which fact is being mentioned in these lines of the passage?

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The layer of the atmosphere which provides ideal flying conditions for large jet aeroplanes isa)Ionosphereb)Exospherec)Troposphered)StratosphereCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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