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Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand, the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes.
  • a)
    Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand, the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes.
  • b)
    Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand three years after researchers started testing the prototypes last summer, the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place.
  • c)
    Making a successful debut three years after researchers started testing the prototypes last summer, robotic exoskeletons allow workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus are in increasing demand.
  • d)
    Making a successful debut last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes, robotic exoskeletons allow workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus are in increasing demand.
  • e)
    Making a successful debut last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes, objects weighing 65 pounds are picked up and maneuvered with ease by robotic exoskeletons that are thus in increasing demand.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds wi...
Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand, the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes.
Meaning Analysis
  • Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand,
  • the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place last summer,
    • three years after researchers started testing the prototypes.  
This sentence is not grammatically correct and hence we will need to infer the logical meaning from the sentence.  The sentence tells us some facts about the robotic exoskeletons.
  1. Last summer, the robotic exoskeletons made a successful debut.
  2. The debut happened 3 years after researchers started examining prototypes.
  3. These exoskeletons enable workers to pick up and maneuver heavy objects with ease. 
  4. Because of this feature, the demand of these exoskeletons is increasing.
Note that the way the sentence is written it appears as if the successful debut of these exoskeletons enable workers.  This is illogical.
Error Analysis
As explained in the meaning analysis, the sentence is not written correctly.  The opening verb-ing modifier “allowing” incorrectly modifies “the successful debut”. The debut does not allow anything: the robotic exoskeletons do. 
Answer Choices
A
Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand, the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes.
Incorrect:    
This choice has the error pointed out in the error analysis.
B
Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand three years after researchers started testing the prototypes last summer, the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place.
Incorrect:       
1)     This choice has the same modifier error as in choice A.
2)     The placement of the phrase “last summer” not only leads to deviation from the intended meaning but also lends illogical meaning to the sentence.  The sequence of events per this choice is as shown.
  1. Prototypes were tested last summer.
  2. 3 years after last summer the debut of exoskeletons happened.
This is an impossible sequence since the point in time for the occurrence of the debut is in the future - 3 years after last summer. 
Here is the intended sequence of events. 
  1. Testing of prototypes began 3 years before the debut happened. 
  2. Last summer, the robotic exoskeletons made a successful debut.
C
Making a successful debut three years after researchers started testing the prototypes last summer, robotic exoskeletons allow workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus are in increasing demand.
Incorrect:      
This choice repeats the second modifier error found in Choice B.
D
Making a successful debut last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes, robotic exoskeletons allow workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus are in increasing demand.
Correct: 
The opening verb-ing modifier “making” correctly refers to “robotic exoskeletons.”
E
Making a successful debut last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes, objects weighing 65 pounds are picked up and maneuvered with ease by robotic exoskeletons that are thus in increasing demand.
Incorrect:    
The opening verb-ing modifier “making” incorrectly refers to “objects”. It should refer to “robotic exoskeletons”.
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Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand, the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes.a)Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand, the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes.b)Allowing workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus in increasing demand three years after researchers started testing the prototypes last summer, the successful debut of robotic exoskeletons took place.c)Making a successful debut three years after researchers started testing the prototypes last summer, robotic exoskeletons allow workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus are in increasing demand.d)Making a successful debut last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes, robotic exoskeletons allow workers to pick up and maneuver objects weighing 65 pounds with ease and thus are in increasing demand.e)Making a successful debut last summer, three years after researchers started testing the prototypes, objects weighing 65 pounds are picked up and maneuvered with ease by robotic exoskeletons that are thus in increasing demand.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
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