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From various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making, are learned how consumers make buying decisions.     
  • a)
    From various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision making, are learned how consumers make buying decisions.
  • b)
    Consumers make buying decisions and study the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making by learning from various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics.
  • c)
    A branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making and various studies on behavioral economics are used to learn how consumers make buying decisions.
  • d)
    How consumers make buying decisions is learned from various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making.
  • e)
    Various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making, learning how consumers make buying decisions.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
From various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics co...
From various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making, are learned how consumers make buying decisions.     
Meaning Analysis
  • From various studies on behavioral economics,
    • a branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making,
  • are learned
  • how consumers make buying decisions.
 
The structure of this sentence is a little complicated so let’s understand it first. The sentence starts with a prepositional modifier, “from various studies on behavioral economics.” Then it has a long modifying phrase, “a branch of… decision-making,” that describes behavioral economics. The last part of the sentence gives us the subject-verb pair. The verb is “are learned” and the subject is the clause “how consumers make buying decisions.”
So, we have an inverted subject-verb pair in this sentence. It tells us that how consumers make buying decisions is learnt from various studies on behavioral economics. It also describes behavioral economics as a branch of economics that deals with studying the effect of psychological factors on economic decision-making.
 
Error Analysis
This sentence has one independent clause. The subject of this clause is a clause “how consumers make buying decisions”. Whenever a clause acts a subject in a sentence, it is always singular and hence takes a singular verb. Use of the plural verb “are learned” leads to a subject-verb number agreement error.
This is the only error in the sentence. The noun + noun modifier “a branch of economics concerned with…” correctly describes the noun “behavioral economics.” 
Answer Choices
A
From various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision making, are learned how consumers make buying decisions.
Incorrect: This choice has the error pointed out in the error analysis.  
B
Consumers make buying decisions and study the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making by learning from various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics.
Incorrect:
This choice completely distorts the intended meaning of the sentence.
  1. It no longer talks about the factors that drive consumers to make a buying decision. Rather, it says that consumers make buying decisions.
  2. As per this choice, consumers study the impact of something. This information is not present in the original sentence.
  3. According to this choice, consumers learn from various studies on behavioral economics. This information is also not present in the original sentence. 
C
A branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making and various studies on behavioral economics are used to learn how consumers make buying decisions.
Incorrect:
Although grammatically correct, this choice again changes the intended meaning of the sentence. As per this choice, behavioral economics and the branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making are separate entities and both are used to understand how consumers make buying decisions. This is certainly not the intended meaning. According to the original sentence, behavioral economics is itself the branch of economics that is used in order to learn something. 
D
How consumers make buying decisions is learned from various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making.
Correct:
This is indeed the correct answer choice. Not only does this sentence correct the SV number error of the original choice but it also makes the structure of the sentence more comprehensible by starting the sentence with the subject.  
E
Various studies on behavioral economics, a branch of economics concerned with studying the impact of psychological factors on economic decision-making, learning how consumers make buying decisions.
Incorrect:
There is no verb for the subject “Various studies… economics”.       
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Question Description
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