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Consider the following three schedules of transactions T1, T2 and T3. [Notation: In the following NYO represents the action Y (R for read, W for write) performed by transac­tion N on object O.]
(S1) 2RA 2WA 3RC 2WB 3WA 3WC 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB
(S2) 3RC 2RA 2WA 2WB 3WA 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB 3WC
(S3) 2RA 3RC 3WA 2WA 2WB 3WC 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB

Q. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
  • a)
    S1, S2 and S3 are all conflict equivalent to each other
  • b)
    No two of S1, S2 and S3 are conflict equivalent to each other
  • c)
    S2 is conflict equivalent to S3, but not to S1
  • d)
    S1 is conflict equivalent to S2, but not to S3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Consider the following three schedules of transactions T1, T2 and T3. ...
All the conflicting pairs like (3WA, 1WA) are in the same order in both S1 and S2.
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Consider the following three schedules of transactions T1, T2 and T3. ...
Conflict Equivalent Schedules
Conflict equivalence is a concept in database concurrency control that refers to the property of two schedules producing the same final result when executed on the same initial database state. In other words, two schedules are conflict equivalent if they generate exactly the same read and write operations on the database.

Analysis of Schedules
Let's analyze each schedule to determine if they are conflict equivalent to each other.

Schedule S1:
2RA 2WA 3RC 2WB 3WA 3WC 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB

Schedule S2:
3RC 2RA 2WA 2WB 3WA 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB 3WC

Schedule S3:
2RA 3RC 3WA 2WA 2WB 3WC 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB

Checking Conflict Equivalence
To determine if two schedules are conflict equivalent, we need to compare the order of conflicting operations in each schedule.

Conflict Operations:
- Read-Write Conflict: A read operation followed by a write operation on the same data item.
- Write-Read Conflict: A write operation followed by a read operation on the same data item.
- Write-Write Conflict: Two write operations on the same data item.

Conflict Analysis:
Let's analyze the conflicts in each schedule.

Schedule S1:
- 2RA 2WA 3RC 2WB 3WA 3WC 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB
- There are no conflicts between different transactions in this schedule.

Schedule S2:
- 3RC 2RA 2WA 2WB 3WA 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB 3WC
- There are no conflicts between different transactions in this schedule.

Schedule S3:
- 2RA 3RC 3WA 2WA 2WB 3WC 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB
- There are no conflicts between different transactions in this schedule.

Conclusion:
Since there are no conflicts between different transactions in any of the schedules, we can conclude that no two schedules are conflict equivalent to each other. Therefore, option 'B' is the correct answer.
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Consider the following three schedules of transactions T1, T2 and T3. [Notation: In the following NYO represents the action Y (R for read, W for write) performed by transac­tion N on object O.](S1) 2RA 2WA 3RC 2WB 3WA 3WC 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB(S2) 3RC 2RA 2WA 2WB 3WA 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WB 3WC(S3) 2RA 3RC 3WA 2WA 2WB 3WC 1RA 1RB 1WA 1WBQ. Which of the following statements is TRUE?a)S1, S2 and S3 are all conflict equivalent to each otherb)No two of S1, S2 and S3 are conflict equivalent to each otherc)S2 is conflict equivalent to S3, but not to S1d)S1 is conflict equivalent to S2, but not to S3Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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