Very small and positive susceptibility is found ina)Ferromagneticb)Diamagneticc)Paramagneticd)AntiferromagneticCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Accepted Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Paramagnetic materials are characterized by a small and positive susceptibility. The susceptibility and the temperature are directly related.

Answer

Rigth Ans: - C
susceptibility = ( relative permeability -1)
and we know that realtive permeability of paramagnetic material is little greater than one

Answer

Paramagnetic

Paramagnetic materials are those materials that have a small and positive susceptibility. Susceptibility refers to the ability of a material to become magnetized when placed in an external magnetic field. The positive susceptibility indicates that the material is weakly attracted to the magnetic field.

Properties of Paramagnetic Materials

1. Individual Magnetic Moments: In paramagnetic materials, the atomic or molecular magnetic moments align themselves in the direction of the applied magnetic field but do not remain aligned once the field is removed. Each individual magnetic moment contributes to the overall magnetization of the material.

2. Weak Magnetization: The magnetization of paramagnetic materials is weak compared to ferromagnetic materials. This is due to the random orientation of the individual magnetic moments when the field is not present.

3. Temperature Dependence: Paramagnetic materials exhibit a temperature-dependent magnetization. As the temperature increases, the thermal energy disrupts the alignment of the magnetic moments, reducing the overall magnetization.

4. Non-zero Susceptibility: The susceptibility of paramagnetic materials is positive, indicating a weak attraction to the applied magnetic field. The magnitude of susceptibility is typically small.

5. Unpaired Electrons: Paramagnetic materials contain unpaired electrons in their atomic or molecular orbitals. These unpaired electrons contribute to the magnetic moments and the susceptibility of the material.

Examples of Paramagnetic Materials

1. Aluminum: Aluminum is a commonly encountered paramagnetic material. It has three unpaired electrons in its 3p orbital, contributing to its paramagnetic properties.

2. Oxygen: Molecular oxygen (O2) is paramagnetic due to the presence of two unpaired electrons. This property is utilized in oxygen sensors to detect the presence of oxygen in various applications.

3. Copper: Copper is also paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons in its 3d orbital.

4. Platinum: Platinum is paramagnetic at room temperature and becomes ferromagnetic at low temperatures. It has unpaired electrons in its 5d orbital.

In conclusion, the option 'C' (Paramagnetic) is the correct answer as paramagnetic materials exhibit a small and positive susceptibility. These materials are weakly attracted to an external magnetic field due to the alignment of their atomic or molecular magnetic moments.

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