Grade resistance refers to the force that opposes the motion of a vehicle or equipment when it is traveling on an incline or decline. It is an important factor to consider when designing and operating vehicles and equipment in various industries, including transportation and construction.

Grade Resistance Depends on the Type of Equipment or the Haul Surface and is in Addition to Rolling Resistance

- When it comes to grade resistance, it is influenced by several factors such as the type of equipment being used and the surface over which it is hauling. Different types of equipment have different characteristics and capabilities, which affect their ability to overcome grade resistance.
- For example, a heavy-duty truck may have a more powerful engine and larger tires compared to a smaller vehicle, which allows it to generate more tractive effort and overcome grade resistance more effectively.
- Similarly, the type of surface over which the equipment is hauling also impacts grade resistance. Rough or uneven surfaces can increase resistance, while smooth surfaces can reduce it.
- In addition to rolling resistance, which is the force required to overcome friction between the tires or wheels and the surface, grade resistance needs to be considered. It is an additional force that acts against the motion of the vehicle or equipment, making it more difficult to move uphill or controlling the speed while going downhill.

Grade Resistance Acts Against the Total Weight of Both Wheel and Track Type Units

- Grade resistance acts against the total weight of the vehicle or equipment, regardless of whether it has wheels or tracks. The gravitational force acting on the vehicle or equipment is increased due to the incline, and this additional force needs to be overcome to maintain or change the speed.
- The weight of the vehicle or equipment includes the weight of the cargo, the vehicle itself, and any additional attachments or components.
- The grade resistance is proportional to the total weight, so as the weight increases, the grade resistance also increases. This means that heavier vehicles or equipment will experience greater grade resistance and require more power or force to overcome it.

Grade Resistance for Units Moving on the Road Surface is Greater than Grade Resistance for Units Moving on Rails

- Grade resistance for units moving on the road surface is generally greater than grade resistance for units moving on rails.
- This is because the road surface typically has more irregularities and variations in gradient compared to a railway track, which can increase the resistance.
- On the other hand, railway tracks are designed to have a consistent and smooth gradient, reducing the overall grade resistance.
- Additionally, rail vehicles often have specialized systems such as traction motors and multiple axles, which can provide better traction and control on the tracks, further reducing the grade resistance.
- However, it is important to note that the specific conditions and circumstances can vary, and there may be cases where grade resistance for units moving on rails exceeds that for units moving on the road surface, depending on factors such as the steepness of the incline or the condition of the track.