Select the correct option with regard to the following two statements ...
Hydrograph:
- A hydrograph is a plot between discharge and time at any given section of a river, channel, etc.
- It is a response of a given catchment to the rainfall input.
- The shape of the rising limb of a hydrograph depends on both catchment characteristics and rainfall characteristics.
- The shape of the falling or recession limb of a hydrograph depends only on catchment characteristics.
- The inflation point on the falling limb is often assumed to be the point where direct runoff ends.
- Time of Concentration is the time required by the entire drainage area to contribute to the runoff is called the time of concentration or time required by the most extreme point in the drainage to reach the point of interest.
Select the correct option with regard to the following two statements ...
Rising Limb of the Hydrograph
The rising limb of a hydrograph represents the increasing flow of water in a river or stream during a storm event. It shows how quickly the water level rises in response to rainfall. The characteristics of the catchment play a significant role in determining the shape and steepness of the rising limb.
Dependence of Rising Limb on Catchment Characteristics
Statement H1 suggests that the rising limb of the hydrograph depends solely on the catchment characteristics. This means that factors such as the size of the catchment, its shape, soil type, slope, and land cover can influence how quickly water accumulates and flows into the river or stream.
Validity of Statement H1
Statement H1 is false. While catchment characteristics do have an impact on the rising limb of the hydrograph, they are not the only factors that influence it. Storm characteristics, such as rainfall intensity and duration, also play a crucial role in determining the shape and steepness of the rising limb.
Recession Limb of the Hydrograph
The recession limb of a hydrograph represents the decreasing flow of water in a river or stream after the storm event has ended. It shows how quickly the water level subsides and returns to its normal state. The recession limb depends on the rate at which water drains from the catchment and the storm characteristics.
Dependence of Recession Limb on Storm and Catchment Characteristics
Statement H2 suggests that the recession limb of the hydrograph depends on both storm characteristics and catchment characteristics. This means that factors such as the intensity and duration of the storm, as well as the characteristics of the catchment, can influence how quickly the water level decreases.
Validity of Statement H2
Statement H2 is true. The recession limb of the hydrograph is indeed influenced by both storm and catchment characteristics. The storm characteristics determine the amount and rate of rainfall, while the catchment characteristics determine how quickly the water drains from the catchment. Both factors contribute to the shape and steepness of the recession limb.
Conclusion
In conclusion, statement H1 is false as the rising limb of the hydrograph depends not only on catchment characteristics but also on storm characteristics. However, statement H2 is true as the recession limb of the hydrograph is influenced by both storm and catchment characteristics. Therefore, the correct option is c) Both statements H1 and H2 are false.
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