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The computer can execute 1,000,000 instructions per second: A program running on this computer performs on average a one sector read and one sector write for every 200 instructions that it executes. The disk drive handling the I/O transfers requires 0.00010 seconds each to perform the read and write operations. Assuming no overlap of these operations, the percent of CPU time spent in the wait state is
  • a)
    12%
  • b)
    39%
  • c)
    57%
  • d)
    91%
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
The computer can execute 1,000,000 instructions per second: A program ...
•  The response time of I/O devices are magnitude order slower than that of CPU, hence direct interfacing is impossible.
• It is always better to off load the I/O processing to a secondary processor on the I/O controller board then to depend on the primary CPU for I/O processing.
• The variety of I/O devices in the market, requires that separate I/O controller exist for each device.
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Most Upvoted Answer
The computer can execute 1,000,000 instructions per second: A program ...
Given information:
- The computer can execute 1,000,000 instructions per second.
- The program performs one sector read and one sector write for every 200 instructions executed.
- The disk drive handling the I/O transfers requires 0.00010 seconds each to perform the read and write operations.
- No overlap of these operations is assumed.

Calculating I/O time:
- For every 200 instructions executed, the program performs one sector read and one sector write.
- So, for every 200 instructions, the program requires 0.00010 seconds for read and 0.00010 seconds for write.
- Hence, for every 200 instructions, the program requires a total of 0.00020 seconds for I/O operations.

Calculating CPU time:
- The computer can execute 1,000,000 instructions per second.
- For every 200 instructions, the program requires 0.00020 seconds for I/O operations.
- So, for every 1,000,000 instructions, the program will require (0.00020 * 1,000,000) seconds for I/O operations.
- The remaining time will be the CPU time spent in the wait state.

Calculating the percentage of CPU time:
- The total time for 1,000,000 instructions is ((0.00020 * 1,000,000) + CPU time).
- The percentage of CPU time spent in the wait state can be calculated as (CPU time / total time) * 100.

Calculating the answer:
- Substituting the given values, the percentage of CPU time spent in the wait state is ((CPU time) / ((0.00020 * 1,000,000) + CPU time)) * 100.
- Simplifying the expression, we get (CPU time) / (0.00020 * 1,000,000 + CPU time) = 0.91.
- Solving this equation, we find that CPU time is approximately 0.00020 * 1,000,000 * 0.91 = 182 seconds.
- Therefore, the percentage of CPU time spent in the wait state is (182 / (0.00020 * 1,000,000 + 182)) * 100 = 91%.

Conclusion:
The percent of CPU time spent in the wait state is 91%.
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The computer can execute 1,000,000 instructions per second: A program running on this computer performs on average a one sector read and one sector write for every 200 instructions that it executes. The disk drive handling the I/O transfers requires 0.00010 seconds each to perform the read and write operations. Assuming no overlap of these operations, the percent of CPU time spent in the wait state isa)12%b)39%c)57%d)91%Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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